Castanho Nathália R C M, de Oliveira Renan A, Batista Bruno L, Freire Bruna M, Lange Camila, Lopes André M, Jozala Angela F, Grotto Denise
University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP 18023-000, Brazil.
Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-170, Brazil.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 May 31;7(6):441. doi: 10.3390/jof7060441.
Agricultural waste products can be used as biosorbents for bioremediation once they are low-cost and high-efficient in pollutants removal. Thus, waste products from mushroom farming such as cutting and substrate of (popularly known as shiitake) and (also known as champignon) were evaluated as biosorbents for metallic contaminants copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). Shiitake and champignon stalks, and shiitake substrate (medium in which shiitake was cultivated) were dried, grounded, characterized and experimented to remove Cu and Pb from contaminated water. The Sips model was used to establish the adsorption isotherms. Regarding Cu, champignon stalks have the best removal efficiency (43%), followed by substrate and stalks of shiitake (37 and 30%, respectively). Pb removals were similar among three residues (from 72 to 83%), with the champignon stalks standing out. The maximum adsorption capacities () for Cu in shiitake and champignon stalks were 22.7 and 31.4 mg/g, respectively. For Pb, for shiitake and champignon stalks, and shiitake substrate were 130.0, 87.0 and 84.0 mg/g, respectively. The surface morphology of the champignon stalks revealed an organized and continuous structure. After an interaction with metals, the stalk of champignon accumulated the metal ions into interstices. Mushroom residues showed a relevant adsorption efficiency, especially for Pb. Mushroom farming waste are a very low-cost and promising alternative for removing toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment.
农业废弃物一旦具有低成本和高效去除污染物的特性，就可作为生物吸附剂用于生物修复。因此，香菇种植产生的废弃物，如香菇（俗称香菇）和双孢蘑菇（也叫蘑菇）的菌柄及培养基质，被评估作为金属污染物铜（Cu）和铅（Pb）的生物吸附剂。香菇柄、双孢蘑菇柄以及香菇培养基质（种植香菇的介质）经过干燥、研磨、表征，并进行了从污染水中去除铜和铅的实验。采用Sips模型建立吸附等温线。对于铜，双孢蘑菇柄的去除效率最高（43%），其次是香菇培养基质和香菇柄（分别为37%和30%）。三种残渣对铅的去除率相似（72%至83%），其中双孢蘑菇柄表现突出。香菇柄和双孢蘑菇柄对铜的最大吸附容量分别为22.7和31.4毫克/克。对于铅，香菇柄及培养基质以及双孢蘑菇柄对铅的最大吸附容量分别为130.0、84.0和87.0毫克/克。双孢蘑菇柄的表面形态呈现出有组织且连续的结构。与金属相互作用后，双孢蘑菇柄将金属离子积累到孔隙中。蘑菇残渣显示出较高的吸附效率，尤其是对铅。蘑菇种植废弃物是从水生环境中去除有毒重金属的一种成本极低且很有前景的替代物。
