Yamuangmorn Supapohn, Prom-U-Thai Chanakan
Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 May 24;10(6):833. doi: 10.3390/antiox10060833.
Purple rice is recognized as a source of natural anthocyanin compounds among health-conscious consumers who employ rice as their staple food. Anthocyanin is one of the major antioxidant compounds that protect against the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause cellular damage in plants and animals, including humans. The physiological role of anthocyanin in plants is not fully understood, but the benefits to human health are apparent against both chronic and non-chronic diseases. This review focuses on anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in the whole plant of purple rice, from cultivation to the processed end products. The anthocyanin content in purple rice varies due to many factors, including genotype, cultivation, and management as well as post-harvest processing. The cultivation method strongly influences anthocyanin content in rice plants; water conditions, light quantity and quality, and available nutrients in the soil are important factors, while the low stability of anthocyanins means that they can be dramatically degraded under high-temperature conditions. The application of purple rice anthocyanins has been developed in both functional food and other purposes. To maximize the benefits of purple rice to human health, understanding the factors influencing anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation during the entire process from cultivation to product development can be a path for success.
紫米在以大米为主食的注重健康的消费者中被公认为是天然花青素化合物的来源。花青素是主要的抗氧化化合物之一，可抵御活性氧（ROS），活性氧会对包括人类在内的动植物细胞造成损伤。花青素在植物中的生理作用尚未完全了解，但其对人类健康预防慢性和非慢性疾病的益处是显而易见的。本综述聚焦于紫米全株从种植到加工成品过程中花青素的合成与积累。紫米中的花青素含量因多种因素而异，包括基因型、种植、管理以及收获后的加工。种植方法对水稻植株中的花青素含量有很大影响；水分条件、光照量和质量以及土壤中的有效养分是重要因素，而花青素稳定性低意味着它们在高温条件下会大幅降解。紫米花青素在功能性食品及其他用途方面都有开发应用。为了使紫米对人类健康的益处最大化，了解从种植到产品开发整个过程中影响花青素合成与积累的因素可能是成功之道。
