Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
Biomed Eng Online. 2021 Jun 1;20(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s12938-021-00889-1.
Establishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease. Skin cholesterol is a novel marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and can be used as an independent risk factor of early assessment of atherosclerotic risk.
We propose a non-invasive skin cholesterol detection method based on absorption spectroscopy. Detection reagents specifically bind to skin cholesterol and react with indicator to produce colored products, the skin cholesterol content can be obtained through absorption spectrum information on colored products detected by non-invasive technology. Gas chromatography is used to measure cholesterol extracted from the skin to verify the accuracy and reliability of the non-invasive test method. A total of 342 subjects were divided into normal group (n = 115), disease group (n = 110) and risk group (n = 117). All subjects underwent non-invasive skin cholesterol test. The diagnostic accuracy of the measured value was analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
The proposed method is able to identify porcine skin containing gradient concentration of cholesterol. The values measured by non-invasive detection method were significantly correlated with gas chromatography measured results (r = 0.9074, n = 73, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman bias was - 72.78 ± 20.03 with 95% limits of agreement - 112.05 to - 33.51, falling within the prespecified clinically non-significant range. We further evaluated the method of patients with atherosclerosis and risk population as well as normal group, patients and risk atherosclerosis group exhibited higher skin cholesterol content than normal group (all P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Disease group was 0.8642 (95% confidence interval, 0.8138 to 0.9146), meanwhile, the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Risk group was 0.8534 (95% confidence interval, 0.8034 to 0.9034).
The method demonstrated its capability of detecting different concentration of skin cholesterol. This non-invasive skin cholesterol detection system may potentially be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening, especially for a large population.
建立一种高精度、非侵入性的方法对于评估心血管疾病至关重要。皮肤胆固醇是评估动脉粥样硬化风险的新型标志物，可作为评估动脉粥样硬化风险的独立早期危险因素。
我们提出了一种基于吸收光谱的非侵入性皮肤胆固醇检测方法。检测试剂特异性地与皮肤胆固醇结合，并与指示剂反应生成有色产物，通过非侵入性技术检测到的有色产物的吸收光谱信息，可以获得皮肤胆固醇含量。气相色谱法用于测量从皮肤中提取的胆固醇，以验证非侵入性测试方法的准确性和可靠性。共纳入 342 名受试者，分为正常组（n=115）、疾病组（n=110）和风险组（n=117）。所有受试者均进行非侵入性皮肤胆固醇检测。通过接收者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析测量值的诊断准确性。
该方法能够识别含有梯度浓度胆固醇的猪皮。非侵入性检测方法测量的值与气相色谱测量结果显著相关（r=0.9074，n=73，p<0.001）。Bland-Altman 偏倚为-72.78±20.03，95%一致性界限为-112.05 至-33.51，落在预先指定的临床无显著差异范围内。我们进一步评估了动脉粥样硬化患者和风险人群以及正常组的方法，动脉粥样硬化患者和风险组的皮肤胆固醇含量均高于正常组（均 P<0.001）。用于区分正常/疾病组的 ROC 曲线下面积为 0.8642（95%置信区间，0.8138 至 0.9146），同时，用于区分正常/风险组的 ROC 曲线下面积为 0.8534（95%置信区间，0.8034 至 0.9034）。
该方法证明了其检测不同浓度皮肤胆固醇的能力。这种非侵入性皮肤胆固醇检测系统可能有潜力成为动脉粥样硬化筛查的风险评估工具，特别是对于大人群。
