• 文献检索
  • 文档翻译
  • 深度研究
  • 学术资讯
  • Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件
  • 邀请有礼
  • 套餐&价格
  • 历史记录
应用&插件
Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件浏览器插件Mac 客户端Windows 客户端微信小程序
定价
高级版会员购买积分包购买API积分包
服务
文献检索文档翻译深度研究API 文档MCP 服务
关于我们
关于 Suppr公司介绍联系我们用户协议隐私条款
关注我们

Suppr 超能文献

核心技术专利：CN118964589B侵权必究
粤ICP备2023148730 号-1Suppr @ 2026

文献检索

告别复杂PubMed语法，用中文像聊天一样搜索，搜遍4000万医学文献。AI智能推荐，让科研检索更轻松。

立即免费搜索

文件翻译

保留排版，准确专业，支持PDF/Word/PPT等文件格式，支持 12+语言互译。

免费翻译文档

深度研究

AI帮你快速写综述，25分钟生成高质量综述，智能提取关键信息，辅助科研写作。

立即免费体验

实施旧金山含糖饮料税后 2 年的就业影响

Employment impacts of the San Francisco sugar-sweetened beverage tax 2 years after implementation.

机构信息

Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.

Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2021 Jun 2;16(6):e0252094. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252094. eCollection 2021.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0252094
PMID:34077430
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8171954/
Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes have been implemented worldwide to raise revenue and reduce consumption of SSBs, which is associated with health harms. Empirical evaluations have found that these taxes are successful at reducing demand for SSBs; however, SSB taxes face opposition, in part because of claims that they will lead to substantial job losses. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the San Francisco SSB tax, implemented on January 1st, 2018, on employment.

METHODS

Monthly employment counts were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics from January 2013 (5-years pre-tax) through December 2019 (2-years post-tax) for the overall economy, private sector, supermarkets and other grocery stores, convenience stores, limited-service restaurants, and beverage manufacturing. A synthetic control analysis was conducted for each employment outcome. The synthetic controls (i.e., estimated counterfactuals) were generated from a pool of urban control counties using pre-tax labor market-related characteristics.

RESULTS

The synthetic controls had similar labor market-related characteristics and employment outcomes to those in San Francisco in the pre-tax period. Up to 2 years post-tax, differences in employment between San Francisco and the synthetic controls were small and not "statistically significant" based on placebo tests for all employment outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Up to two years post-tax, we do not find evidence that the San Francisco SSB tax negatively impacted net employment, employment in the private sector, or employment in specific SSB-related industries.

摘要

简介

全球范围内已实施了含糖饮料（SSB）税，以增加收入并减少 SSB 的消费，因为 SSB 的消费与健康危害有关。实证评估发现，这些税收在降低 SSB 的需求方面是成功的；然而，SSB 税面临着反对，部分原因是有人声称它们将导致大量失业。本研究的目的是检验 2018 年 1 月 1 日生效的旧金山 SSB 税对就业的影响。

方法

从劳工统计局获得了 2013 年 1 月（征税前 5 年）至 2019 年 12 月（征税后 2 年）的总体经济、私营部门、超市和其他杂货店、便利店、有限服务餐厅以及饮料制造业的每月就业人数。对每个就业结果进行了合成控制分析。合成控制（即估计的反事实）是从征税前的劳动市场相关特征的一组城市对照县中生成的。

结果

合成控制在征税前与旧金山具有相似的劳动市场相关特征和就业结果。在征税后长达 2 年的时间里，旧金山和合成控制之间的就业差异很小，根据所有就业结果的安慰剂检验，差异并不“具有统计学意义”。

结论

在征税后长达 2 年的时间里，我们没有发现证据表明旧金山 SSB 税对净就业、私营部门就业或特定 SSB 相关行业的就业产生负面影响。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/f629890ee9db/pone.0252094.g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/f06f8e5ca05b/pone.0252094.g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/ed70cab23101/pone.0252094.g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/9a30e22dec0f/pone.0252094.g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/71bc897d3967/pone.0252094.g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/fc177c97fb5d/pone.0252094.g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/aab82dcdd277/pone.0252094.g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/8f09fe5c3547/pone.0252094.g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/ee867a607630/pone.0252094.g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/5004def22be1/pone.0252094.g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/acb5c35530c2/pone.0252094.g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/cfda6ccafbec/pone.0252094.g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/f629890ee9db/pone.0252094.g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/f06f8e5ca05b/pone.0252094.g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/ed70cab23101/pone.0252094.g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/9a30e22dec0f/pone.0252094.g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/71bc897d3967/pone.0252094.g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/fc177c97fb5d/pone.0252094.g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/aab82dcdd277/pone.0252094.g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/8f09fe5c3547/pone.0252094.g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/ee867a607630/pone.0252094.g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/5004def22be1/pone.0252094.g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/acb5c35530c2/pone.0252094.g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/cfda6ccafbec/pone.0252094.g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6348/8171954/f629890ee9db/pone.0252094.g012.jpg

相似文献

1
Employment impacts of the San Francisco sugar-sweetened beverage tax 2 years after implementation.实施旧金山含糖饮料税后 2 年的就业影响
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 2;16(6):e0252094. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252094. eCollection 2021.
2
Higher Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Retail Prices After Excise Taxes in Oakland and San Francisco.奥克兰和旧金山提高含糖饮料零售税后的情况。
Am J Public Health. 2020 Jul;110(7):1017-1023. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305602. Epub 2020 May 21.
3
Changes in prices, sales, consumer spending, and beverage consumption one year after a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Berkeley, California, US: A before-and-after study.美国加利福尼亚州伯克利市对含糖饮料征税一年后价格、销量、消费者支出及饮料消费的变化：一项前后对照研究
PLoS Med. 2017 Apr 18;14(4):e1002283. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002283. eCollection 2017 Apr.
4
Evaluation of Changes in Grams of Sugar Sold After the Implementation of the Seattle Sweetened Beverage Tax.评估西雅图含糖饮料税实施后糖销售量的变化。
JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Nov 1;4(11):e2132271. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32271.
5
The impact of the Philadelphia beverage tax on employment: A synthetic control analysis.费城饮料税对就业的影响：一项合成控制分析。
Econ Hum Biol. 2021 Jan;40:100939. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100939. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
6
Association of a Beverage Tax on Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverages With Changes in Beverage Prices and Sales at Chain Retailers in a Large Urban Setting.在大型城市环境中，对含糖和人工加糖饮料征收饮料税后，连锁零售商的饮料价格和销售额的变化情况。
JAMA. 2019 May 14;321(18):1799-1810. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.4249.
7
Chile's 2014 sugar-sweetened beverage tax and changes in prices and purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages: An observational study in an urban environment.智利 2014 年含糖饮料税与含糖饮料价格和购买量的变化：城市环境下的观察性研究。
PLoS Med. 2018 Jul 3;15(7):e1002597. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002597. eCollection 2018 Jul.
8
Distribution of sugar-sweetened beverage sales volume by sugar content in the United States: implications for tiered taxation and tax revenue.美国按含糖量划分的含糖饮料销售量分布：对分级征税和税收收入的影响。
J Public Health Policy. 2020 Jun;41(2):125-138. doi: 10.1057/s41271-019-00217-x.
9
Pass-through of the Oakland, California, sugar-sweetened beverage tax in food stores two years post-implementation: A difference-in-differences study.奥克兰（加利福尼亚州）糖税在实施两年后对食品店的传递效应：一项差分法研究。
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 4;16(1):e0244884. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244884. eCollection 2021.
10
Evaluation of Changes in Beverage Prices and Volume Sold Following the Implementation and Repeal of a Sweetened Beverage Tax in Cook County, Illinois.伊利诺伊州库克县实施和废除含糖饮料税后饮料价格和销售量变化的评估。
JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Dec 1;3(12):e2031083. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31083.

引用本文的文献

1
The association between the health promotion levy and employment in South Africa: an interrupted time series analysis.南非健康促进税与就业之间的关联：一项中断时间序列分析。
BMC Nutr. 2025 Jan 31;11(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40795-025-01012-6.
2
Effectiveness of implemented global dietary interventions: a scoping review of fiscal policies.实施全球饮食干预措施的效果：财政政策的范围界定综述。
BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 19;24(1):2552. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19988-4.
3
The impact of China's value-added tax credit refunds on enterprise labor demand: Ex-ante analysis and ex-post test.

本文引用的文献

1
The impact of the Philadelphia beverage tax on employment: A synthetic control analysis.费城饮料税对就业的影响：一项合成控制分析。
Econ Hum Biol. 2021 Jan;40:100939. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100939. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
2
The macroeconomic impacts of diet-related fiscal policy for NCD prevention: A systematic review.饮食相关财政政策对非传染性疾病预防的宏观经济影响：系统评价。
Econ Hum Biol. 2020 May;37:100854. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100854. Epub 2020 Feb 1.
3
Impact of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on purchases and dietary intake: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
中国增值税留抵退税对企业劳动力需求的影响：事前分析与事后检验。
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 11;19(6):e0305249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305249. eCollection 2024.
4
Taxation of tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages: reviewing the evidence and dispelling the myths.对烟草、酒精和含糖饮料征税：审查证据，破除神话。
BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Oct;8(Suppl 8). doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011866.
5
An umbrella review of the acceptability of fiscal and pricing policies to reduce diet-related noncommunicable disease.对减少与饮食相关的非传染性疾病的财政和定价政策的可接受性进行伞式审查。
Nutr Rev. 2023 Sep 11;81(10):1351-1372. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad011.
6
Evaluation of Seattle's sweetened beverage tax on tax support and perceived economic and health impacts.评估西雅图含糖饮料税对税收支持以及感知到的经济和健康影响。
Prev Med Rep. 2022 Apr 30;27:101809. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101809. eCollection 2022 Jun.
7
Front-of-Pack Labeling in Chile: Effects on Employment, Real Wages, and Firms' Profits after Three Years of Its Implementation.智利的包装正面标签：实施三年后的就业、实际工资和企业利润影响。
Nutrients. 2022 Jan 11;14(2):295. doi: 10.3390/nu14020295.
含糖饮料税对购买和饮食摄入的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。
Obes Rev. 2019 Sep;20(9):1187-1204. doi: 10.1111/obr.12868. Epub 2019 Jun 19.
4
The Economics of Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: A Review of the Effects on Prices, Sales, Cross-Border Shopping, and Consumption.含糖饮料征税的经济学分析：对价格、销售、跨境购物和消费影响的综述。
Annu Rev Nutr. 2019 Aug 21;39:317-338. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124603. Epub 2019 May 22.
5
Unemployment claims in Philadelphia one year after implementation of the sweetened beverage tax.费城实施含糖饮料税后一年的失业救济金申请情况。
PLoS One. 2019 Mar 27;14(3):e0213218. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213218. eCollection 2019.
6
The Use of Excise Taxes to Reduce Tobacco, Alcohol, and Sugary Beverage Consumption.利用消费税减少烟草、酒精和含糖饮料的消费。
Annu Rev Public Health. 2019 Apr 1;40:187-201. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043816. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
7
Employment changes associated with the introduction of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and nonessential energy-dense food in Mexico.墨西哥征收含糖饮料和非必需高能量食品税相关的就业变化。
Prev Med. 2017 Dec;105S:S43-S49. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.001. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
8
Association between sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.含糖及人工甜味软饮料与2型糖尿病之间的关联：前瞻性研究的系统评价和剂量反应荟萃分析
Br J Nutr. 2014 Sep 14;112(5):725-34. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514001329. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
9
Employment impact of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes.含糖饮料税对就业的影响。
Am J Public Health. 2014 Apr;104(4):672-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301630. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
10
Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases.结论：有足够的科学证据表明，减少含糖饮料的消费将降低肥胖症和肥胖相关疾病的发病率。
Obes Rev. 2013 Aug;14(8):606-19. doi: 10.1111/obr.12040. Epub 2013 Jun 13.