Cherukuri Gayathri, Veeramachaneni Chandrasekhar, Rao G V, Pacha Venkat Baghirath, Balla Sudheer B
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Panineeya Mahavidyalaya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
J Conserv Dent. 2020 Nov-Dec;23(6):544-549. doi: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_402_20. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Despite advances in the 21 century, dental caries still remains to be one of the most common infectious diseases. Its prevalence was confirmed by the World Health Organization and affirms dental caries as a major health problem in all over the world. Even though the process of tooth decay is multifactorial, the oral bacteria, mutans streptococci, such as and Streptococcus sobrinus, are considered to be causative agents of dental caries in human. Numerous studies carried out on animals and various categories of vaccines were developed such as whole cell vaccine, subunit vaccine, and synthetic peptides. Irrespective of success from active and passive immunization based on animal trials, it is the phenomenon of human heart reactivity that limited the applicability of these trials in humans. Continuous efforts are being made to overcome these limitations and for further success in human trials. With the advent of various antibodies against antigens of mutans streptococci, local passive immunization has become the safer approach in humans against the colonization of bacteria and caries induction. This review provided insight into epidemiology, active and passive immunization in both animal and human trials, as well as the prospects of caries vaccination.
尽管21世纪取得了诸多进展，但龋齿仍是最常见的传染病之一。世界卫生组织证实了其普遍性，并确认龋齿是全球的一个主要健康问题。尽管龋齿的形成过程是多因素的，但口腔细菌，如变形链球菌和远缘链球菌，被认为是人类龋齿的致病因素。人们在动物身上进行了大量研究，并开发了各种类型的疫苗，如全细胞疫苗、亚单位疫苗和合成肽。尽管基于动物试验的主动免疫和被动免疫取得了成功，但人体免疫反应现象限制了这些试验在人类中的适用性。人们正在不断努力克服这些限制，以在人体试验中取得进一步成功。随着针对变形链球菌抗原的各种抗体的出现，局部被动免疫已成为人类预防细菌定植和龋齿诱导的更安全方法。本综述深入探讨了龋齿的流行病学、动物和人体试验中的主动免疫和被动免疫，以及龋齿疫苗接种的前景。
