State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Jun;105(12):5087-5101. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11369-w. Epub 2021 Jun 4.
Microorganisms are an important part of productivity, water quality, and biogeochemical cycles in an aquaculture ecosystems and play a key role in determining the growth and fitness of aquaculture animals. Coculture ecosystems are widely applied with great significance in agricultural production worldwide. The crayfish-rice coculture ecosystem (CRCE) and crayfish-waterweed coculture ecosystem (CWCE) are two high-profile artificial ecosystems for crayfish culture. However, the bacterial communities of the environmental water, sediment, and intestine in the CRCE and CWCE remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the diversity, composition, and function of bacterial communities in water, sediment, and intestine samples from the CRCE to CWCE. The physicochemical factors of water [such as ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), TC (total carbon), TOC (total oxygen carbon), and NO-N] and sediment [such as TC, TOC, TN (total nitrogen), and TP (total phosphate)] were significantly different in the CRCE and CWCE. The abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes were significantly different in the water bacterial communities of the CRCE and CWCE. The abundance of Vibrio in the crayfish intestine was higher in the CRCE than in the CWCE. The most abundant phyla in the CRCE and CWCE sediment were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The abundances of genes involved in transporters and ABC transporters were different in water of CRCE and CWCE. The abundances of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation were significantly higher in the crayfish intestine of the CRCE than in that of the CWCE. Furthermore, the functional genes associated with carbon metabolism were significantly more abundant in the sediment of the CRCE than in that of the CWCE. Spearman correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the bacterial communities of the water and sediment in the CRCE and CWCE were correlated with environmental factors (pH, total carbon (TC), total oxygen carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP)). Our findings showed that the composition, diversity and function of the bacterial communities were distinct in the environmental water, sediment, and intestine of the CRCE and CWCE crayfish coculture ecosystems due to their different ecological patterns. These results can help guide healthy farming practices and deepen the understanding of bacterial communities in crayfish-plant coculture ecosystems from the perspective of bacterial ecology. KEY POINTS: • The composition of bacterial communities in the environmental water, sediment, and intestine of the CRCE and CWCE were distinct. ̉• The abundances of genes involved in transporters and ABC transporters were different in the water of the CRCE and CWCE. • The bacterial communities of the water and sediment in the CRCE and CWCE were correlated with some environmental factors.
微生物是水产养殖生态系统生产力、水质和生物地球化学循环的重要组成部分，对水产养殖动物的生长和健康起着关键作用。共培养生态系统在农业生产中得到了广泛的应用，具有重要意义。小龙虾-水稻共培养生态系统（CRCE）和小龙虾-水草共培养生态系统（CWCE）是两种用于小龙虾养殖的备受关注的人工生态系统。然而，CRCE 和 CWCE 中环境水、沉积物和肠道中的细菌群落仍然难以捉摸。在这项研究中，我们调查了 CRCE 到 CWCE 中环境水、沉积物和肠道样本中细菌群落的多样性、组成和功能。CRCE 和 CWCE 中的水[如氧化还原电位（ORP）、总碳（TC）、总含氧量（TOC）和硝态氮（NO-N）]和沉积物[如 TC、TOC、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）]的理化因素有明显差异。CRCE 和 CWCE 中水体细菌群落的变形菌门、放线菌门、疣微菌门、蓝细菌门、绿菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门的丰度有显著差异。CRCE 中小龙虾肠道中弧菌的丰度高于 CWCE。CRCE 和 CWCE 沉积物中最丰富的门是变形菌门和拟杆菌门。CRCE 和 CWCE 水中与转运体和 ABC 转运体相关的基因丰度不同。CRCE 中小龙虾肠道中参与氧化磷酸化的基因丰度明显高于 CWCE。此外，CRCE 沉积物中与碳代谢相关的功能基因明显更为丰富。Spearman 相关性分析和冗余分析（RDA）表明，由于生态模式不同，CRCE 和 CWCE 中水体和沉积物的细菌群落与环境因素（pH 值、总碳（TC）、总含氧量（TOC）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP））有关。我们的研究结果表明，由于生态模式的不同，CRCE 和 CWCE 小龙虾共培养生态系统中环境水、沉积物和肠道中的细菌群落的组成、多样性和功能明显不同。这些结果有助于从细菌生态学的角度指导健康养殖实践，并加深对小龙虾-植物共培养生态系统中细菌群落的理解。关键点：
CRCE 和 CWCE 中环境水、沉积物和肠道的细菌群落组成不同。
CRCE 和 CWCE 中与转运体和 ABC 转运体相关的基因丰度不同。
CRCE 和 CWCE 中的水和沉积物与一些环境因素有关。
