Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, Service d'Hépatologie, DMU DIGEST, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires du Foie, FILFOIE, ERN RARE-LIVER, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, UMR 1149, Paris, France.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Aug;175:113816. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.026. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
More than eight hundred million people worldwide have chronic liver disease, with two million deaths per year. Recurring liver injury results in fibrogenesis, progressing towards cirrhosis, for which there doesn't exists any cure except liver transplantation. Better understanding of the mechanisms leading to cirrhosis and its complications is needed to develop effective therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells and are important for cell-to-cell communication. EVs have been reported to be involved in homeostasis maintenance, as well as in liver diseases. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of EVs in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, primary liver cancers, acute liver injury and liver regeneration. Moreover, therapeutic strategies involving EVs as targets or as tools to treat liver diseases are summarized.
全球有超过 8 亿人患有慢性肝脏疾病，每年有 200 万人因此死亡。反复的肝损伤导致纤维化，进而发展为肝硬化，目前除了肝移植之外尚无其他治愈方法。为了开发有效的治疗方法，需要更好地了解导致肝硬化及其并发症的机制。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由细胞释放的，对于细胞间通讯非常重要。有报道称，EVs 参与了内稳态的维持以及肝脏疾病的发生。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了 EVs 在非酒精性脂肪性肝病和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、酒精相关性肝病、慢性病毒性肝炎、原发性肝癌、急性肝损伤和肝再生中的作用的最新知识。此外，还总结了涉及 EVs 作为治疗肝脏疾病的靶点或工具的治疗策略。
