Hepatic Fibrosis Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Nov 10;10:587628. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587628. eCollection 2020.
Extracellular vesicles are encapsulated lipid nanoparticles secreted by a variety of cell types in living organisms. They are known to carry proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids, and lipids as their cargoes and are important mediators of intercellular communication. The role of extracellular vesicles in chronic liver disease has been reported. Chronic liver disease such as viral hepatitis accounts for a significant mortality and morbidity burden worldwide. Hepatic fibrosis has been commonly associated with the chronic form of viral hepatitis, which results in end-stage liver disease, including cirrhosis, liver failure, and carcinoma in some patients. In this review, we discuss the potential role of extracellular vesicles in mediating communication between infectious agents (hepatitis B and C viruses) and host cells, and how these complex cell-cell interactions may facilitate the development of chronic liver disease. We will further discuss how understanding their biological mechanism of action might be beneficial for developing therapeutic strategies to treat chronic liver disease.
细胞外囊泡是活细胞分泌的包裹脂质的纳米颗粒，它们已知可以携带蛋白质、代谢物、核酸和脂质等作为其货物，并在细胞间通讯中起着重要的媒介作用。细胞外囊泡在慢性肝病中的作用已经有报道。慢性肝病，如病毒性肝炎，在全球范围内造成了很大的死亡率和发病率负担。肝纤维化与慢性病毒性肝炎通常相关，导致终末期肝病，包括肝硬化、肝功能衰竭和在某些患者中发生肝癌。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了细胞外囊泡在介导感染因子（乙型和丙型肝炎病毒）与宿主细胞之间的通讯中的潜在作用，以及这些复杂的细胞间相互作用如何促进慢性肝病的发展。我们将进一步讨论了解其生物学作用机制如何有助于开发治疗慢性肝病的治疗策略。
