Farooqi Ammad Ahmad, Attar Rukset, Yulaevna Ishmuratova Margarita, Berardi Rossana
Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Apr;124:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.029. Epub 2021 Jun 3.
Advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies have enabled us to deconvolve immune system heterogeneity by identification of functionally distinct immune cell subsets in disease and health. Discovery of non-coding RNAs has opened new horizons for re-interpretation of regulatory roles of myriad of cell signaling pathways in immunology and oncology. Role of miRNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of immunomodulation has just begun to be uncovered and future studies may further expand the repertoire of non-coding RNAs implicated in the regulatory circuits. One of the most recent and exciting aspect in molecular immunology is the delivery of non-coding RNAs through exosomes to the recipient cells which results in the re-wiring of different pathways and protein networks in recipient cells. Broader understanding of all of the layers of regulation in this system can provide useful information that could be harnessed to rationally translate laboratory findings into clinically effective therapeutics.
单细胞RNA测序技术的进步使我们能够通过识别疾病和健康状态下功能不同的免疫细胞亚群来解析免疫系统的异质性。非编码RNA的发现为重新诠释众多细胞信号通路在免疫学和肿瘤学中的调节作用开辟了新视野。微小RNA（miRNA）、环状RNA和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在免疫调节中的作用才刚刚开始被揭示，未来的研究可能会进一步扩大涉及调节回路的非编码RNA种类。分子免疫学中最新且令人兴奋的一个方面是通过外泌体将非编码RNA传递给受体细胞，这会导致受体细胞中不同通路和蛋白质网络的重新布线。对该系统所有调节层面的更广泛理解可以提供有用信息，这些信息可用于合理地将实验室研究结果转化为临床有效的治疗方法。
