Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Nov 10;6(1):383. doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00779-x.
Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases. In addition, we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human health and diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.
外泌体作为细胞间通讯的介质发挥作用，从而表现出多种稳态调节活性。外泌体非编码 RNA（ncRNA），主要是 microRNAs（miRNAs）、长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）和环状 RNA（circRNA），与人类健康的多种生物学和功能方面密切相关。当外泌体 ncRNA 由于各种内部或外部紊乱而发生组织特异性变化时，它们会导致组织功能障碍、衰老和疾病。在这篇综述中，我们全面讨论了外泌体在人类疾病中的潜在调节机制。此外，我们还探讨了外泌体 miRNA、lncRNA 和 circRNA 在人类健康和疾病中的作用，包括癌症、代谢疾病、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病和传染病，以确定它们在生物标志物识别和治疗探索中的潜在意义。
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