Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; email:
Electrochemical Energy Conversion, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2021 Jun 7;12:287-308. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-085918.
The bottom-up approach in synthetic biology aims to create molecular ensembles that reproduce the organization and functions of living organisms and strives to integrate them in a modular and hierarchical fashion toward the basic unit of life-the cell-and beyond. This young field stands on the shoulders of fundamental research in molecular biology and biochemistry, next to synthetic chemistry, and, augmented by an engineering framework, has seen tremendous progress in recent years thanks to multiple technological and scientific advancements. In this timely review of the research over the past decade, we focus on three essential features of living cells: the ability to self-reproduce via recursive cycles of growth and division, the harnessing of energy to drive cellular processes, and the assembly of metabolic pathways. In addition, we cover the increasing efforts to establish multicellular systems via different communication strategies and critically evaluate the potential applications.
自下而上的方法在合成生物学中旨在创建分子集合，以再现生物的组织和功能，并努力以模块化和分层的方式将其整合到生命的基本单位——细胞中，并超越细胞。这个年轻的领域建立在分子生物学和生物化学的基础研究的基础上，旁边是合成化学，并通过工程框架，由于多项技术和科学进步，近年来取得了巨大的进展。在对过去十年的研究进行的及时回顾中，我们重点介绍了活细胞的三个基本特征：通过生长和分裂的递归循环自我复制的能力、利用能量驱动细胞过程的能力以及代谢途径的组装。此外，我们还介绍了通过不同的通信策略建立多细胞系统的日益努力，并批判性地评估了潜在的应用。
