Yue Ke, Li Yingqiu, Cao Mengjiao, Shen Lulu, Gu Jingsheng, Kai Lei
School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2023;185:1-20. doi: 10.1007/10_2023_232.
Technical advances in biotechnology have greatly accelerated the development of bottom-up synthetic biology. Unlike top-down approaches, bottom-up synthetic biology focuses on the construction of a minimal cell from scratch and the application of these principles to solve challenges. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems provide minimal machinery for transcription and translation, from either a fractionated cell lysate or individual purified protein elements, thus speeding up the development of synthetic cell projects. In this review, we trace the history of the cell-free technique back to the first in vitro fermentation experiment using yeast cell lysate. Furthermore, we summarized progresses of individual cell mimicry modules, such as compartmentalization, gene expression regulation, energy regeneration and metabolism, growth and division, communication, and motility. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives on the field are outlined.
生物技术的技术进步极大地加速了自下而上合成生物学的发展。与自上而下的方法不同，自下而上合成生物学专注于从零开始构建最小细胞，并应用这些原理来解决各种挑战。无细胞蛋白质合成（CFPS）系统从分级细胞裂解物或单个纯化的蛋白质元件中提供转录和翻译所需的最小机制，从而加速了合成细胞项目的发展。在这篇综述中，我们将无细胞技术的历史追溯到首次使用酵母细胞裂解物进行的体外发酵实验。此外，我们总结了各个细胞模拟模块的进展，如区室化、基因表达调控、能量再生与代谢、生长与分裂、通讯以及运动性。最后，概述了该领域当前面临的挑战和未来前景。
