IVI Global Education, Edificio Bipolo, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Torre A, Planta 1ª, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021 Oct;38(10):2519-2541. doi: 10.1007/s10815-021-02247-5. Epub 2021 Jun 10.
The aim of this review is to gather the available research focusing on female genital tract (FGT) microbiome. Research question focuses in decipher which is the role of FGT microbiota in eubiosis, assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs), and gynaecological disorders, and how microbiome could be utilised to improve reproduction outcomes and to treat fertility issues.
PubMed was searched for articles in English from January 2004 to April 2021 for "genital tract microbiota and reproduction", "endometrial microbiome", "microbiome and reproduction" and "microbiota and infertility". Manual search of the references within the resulting articles was performed.
Current knowledge confirms predominance of Lactobacillus species, both in vagina and endometrium, whereas higher variability of species is both found in fallopian tubes and ovaries. Microbial signature linked to different disorders such endometriosis, bacterial vaginosis, and gynaecological cancers are described. Broadly, low variability of species and Lactobacillus abundance within the FGT is associated with better reproductive and ART outcomes.
Further research regarding FGT microbiome configuration needs to be done in order to establish a more precise link between microbiota and eubiosis or dysbiosis. Detection of bacterial species related with poor reproductive outcomes, infertility or gynaecological diseases could shape new tools for their diagnosis and treatment, as well as resources to assess the pregnancy prognosis based on endometrial microbiota. Data available suggest future research protocols should be standardised, and it needs to include the interplay among microbiome, virome and mycobiome, and the effect of antibiotics or probiotics on the microbiome shifts.
本综述旨在收集目前有关女性生殖道（FGT）微生物组的研究。研究问题集中于解码 FGT 微生物群在共生体、辅助生殖技术（ART）和妇科疾病中的作用，以及微生物组如何用于改善生殖结局和治疗生育问题。
在 PubMed 上搜索了 2004 年 1 月至 2021 年 4 月的英文文献，关键词为“生殖道微生物组与生殖”、“子宫内膜微生物组”、“微生物组与生殖”和“微生物组与不孕”。对检索到的文章中的参考文献进行了手动搜索。
目前的知识证实，乳酸杆菌在阴道和子宫内膜中占优势，而在输卵管和卵巢中发现了更多的物种多样性。描述了与子宫内膜异位症、细菌性阴道病和妇科癌症等不同疾病相关的微生物特征。广泛地说，FGT 中物种和乳酸杆菌丰度的低变异性与更好的生殖和 ART 结局相关。
需要进一步研究 FGT 微生物组的构成，以建立微生物组与共生体或失调之间更精确的联系。检测与不良生殖结局、不孕或妇科疾病相关的细菌种类，可以为其诊断和治疗提供新的工具，并为基于子宫内膜微生物组评估妊娠预后提供资源。现有数据表明，未来的研究方案应标准化，包括微生物组、病毒组和真菌组之间的相互作用，以及抗生素或益生菌对微生物组变化的影响。
