Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 9;74(5):871-881. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab537.
The Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P) Epidemiology, Surveillance and Preparedness of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic (RESPONSE) seroprevalence study conducted monthly cross-sectional testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in blood donors in 6 US metropolitan regions to estimate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infections over time.
During March-August 2020, approximately ≥1000 serum specimens were collected monthly from each region and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a well-validated algorithm. Regional seroprevalence estimates were weighted based on demographic differences compared with the general population. Seroprevalence was compared with reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case rates over time.
For all regions, seroprevalence was <1.0% in March 2020. New York, New York, experienced the biggest increase (peak seroprevalence, 15.8% in May). All other regions experienced modest increases in seroprevalence (1%-2% in May-June to 2%-4% in July-August). Seroprevalence was higher in younger, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic donors. Temporal increases in donor seroprevalence correlated with reported case rates in each region. In August, 1.3-5.6 estimated cumulative infections (based on seroprevalence data) per COVID-19 case were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Increases in seroprevalence were found in all regions, with the largest increase in New York. Seroprevalence was higher in non-Hispanic black and Hispanic than in non-Hispanic white blood donors. SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing of blood donor samples can be used to estimate the seroprevalence in the general population by region and demographic group. The methods derived from the RESPONSE seroprevalence study served as the basis for expanding SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveillance to all 50 states and Puerto Rico.
REDS-IV-P 小儿科（REDS-IV-P）传染病学、监测和新型 SARS-CoV-2 大流行准备（RESPONSE）血清学研究每月进行横断面检测，在 6 个美国大都市区的献血者血液中检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）抗体，以估计 SARS-CoV-2 感染的程度随时间的推移。
2020 年 3 月至 8 月期间，每个地区每月采集约≥1000 份血清标本，采用经过良好验证的算法检测 SARS-CoV-2 抗体。根据与一般人群相比的人口统计学差异，对区域血清流行率估计值进行加权。随着时间的推移，将血清流行率与报告的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例率进行比较。
所有地区的血清流行率在 2020 年 3 月均<1.0%。纽约经历了最大的增长（5 月血清流行率峰值为 15.8%）。其他所有地区的血清流行率均适度增加（5 月至 6 月增加 1%-2%，7 月至 8 月增加 2%-4%）。年轻、非西班牙裔黑人以及西班牙裔献血者的血清流行率较高。献血者血清流行率的随时间增加与每个地区报告的病例率相关。8 月，向疾病控制与预防中心报告了每例 COVID-19 病例估计的 1.3-5.6 例累积感染（基于血清流行率数据）。
所有地区的血清流行率均有所增加，纽约的增幅最大。非西班牙裔黑人以及西班牙裔的血清流行率高于非西班牙裔白人献血者。可以使用血液捐献者样本的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体检测来估计按地区和人口统计学分组的一般人群的血清流行率。RESPONSE 血清流行率研究中得出的方法为将 SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率监测扩展到所有 50 个州和波多黎各提供了基础。
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