International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Sep 15;418:126134. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126134. Epub 2021 May 24.
The dietary lead (Pb) risk across China was assessed based on the margin of exposure (MOE) approach by comparing the level (1.5 μg/kg/d) based on the Pb concentrations in foodstuffs from1386 published articles. The Pb averages of the 18 foods were lower than their corresponding limits enacted by the Chinese government, ranging from 0.09 to 0.30 mg/kg. Food from plants had a much higher contribution to dietary Pb intake than that from animals (86% vs. 14%), and cereals and vegetables contributed 79% of the Pb intake from plant-based food. Although each category of food contained a relatively low Pb concentration, the accumulated Pb from the total diet posed a high risk to human health. The MOE risk from dietary Pb averaged 1.57 and ranged from 0.13 to 6.18, with high risks in southern, southwestern, eastern, central, and northern China. The MOE risk from Pb could be decreased by adjusting the dietary structure, and the ratio of people categorized as high risk (MOE < 1) would decrease from 56% to 37%, 41%, or 24% if the category of cereal or vegetable or both cereals and vegetables with the lowest Pb concentration in their local areas were selected, respectively.
基于暴露量边际（MOE）的方法，通过比较从 1386 篇已发表文章中的食物中铅浓度的水平（1.5μg/kg/d），评估了中国各地的饮食铅（Pb）风险。这 18 种食物的 Pb 平均值低于中国政府制定的相应限量，范围从 0.09 到 0.30mg/kg。植物性食物对膳食 Pb 摄入量的贡献远高于动物性食物（86%比 14%），而谷类和蔬菜则占植物性食物 Pb 摄入量的 79%。尽管每类食物的 Pb 浓度相对较低，但从总体饮食中累积的 Pb 对人体健康构成了高风险。膳食 Pb 的 MOE 风险平均为 1.57，范围从 0.13 到 6.18，中国南部、西南部、东部、中部和北部的风险较高。通过调整饮食结构，可以降低 Pb 的膳食 MOE 风险，如果选择当地 Pb 浓度最低的谷类或蔬菜或两者兼而有之的类别，那么被归类为高风险（MOE<1）的人群比例将从 56%分别降低到 37%、41%或 24%。
