Kohler Verena, Büttner Sabrina
Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Contact (Thousand Oaks). 2021 May 27;4:25152564211016608. doi: 10.1177/25152564211016608. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec.
Cellular adaptation to stress and metabolic cues requires a coordinated response of different intracellular compartments, separated by semipermeable membranes. One way to facilitate interorganellar communication is via membrane contact sites, physical bridges between opposing organellar membranes formed by an array of tethering machineries. These contact sites are highly dynamic and establish an interconnected organellar network able to quickly respond to external and internal stress by changing size, abundance and molecular architecture. Here, we discuss recent work on nucleus-vacuole junctions, connecting yeast vacuoles with the nucleus. Appearing as small, single foci in mitotic cells, these contacts expand into one enlarged patch upon nutrient exhaustion and entry into quiescence or can be shaped into multiple large foci essential to sustain viability upon proteostatic stress at the nuclear envelope. We highlight the remarkable plasticity and rapid remodelling of these contact sites upon metabolic or proteostatic stress and their emerging importance for cellular fitness.
细胞对应激和代谢信号的适应需要不同细胞内区室的协调反应，这些区室由半透膜分隔。促进细胞器间通讯的一种方式是通过膜接触位点，即由一系列拴系机制在相对的细胞器膜之间形成的物理桥梁。这些接触位点高度动态，并建立起一个相互连接的细胞器网络，能够通过改变大小、丰度和分子结构来快速响应外部和内部应激。在这里，我们讨论了关于核-液泡连接的最新研究工作，它将酵母液泡与细胞核连接起来。这些接触位点在有丝分裂细胞中表现为小的单个焦点，在营养耗尽并进入静止期时会扩展成一个扩大的斑块，或者在核膜受到蛋白质稳态应激时可形成多个对维持细胞活力至关重要的大焦点。我们强调了这些接触位点在代谢或蛋白质稳态应激下显著的可塑性和快速重塑，以及它们对细胞适应性日益重要的作用。
