Eze Michael O, Hose Grant C, George Simon C, Daniel Rolf
Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
AMB Express. 2021 Jun 14;11(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s13568-021-01250-4.
The pollution of terrestrial and aquatic environments by petroleum contaminants, especially diesel fuel, is a persistent environmental threat requiring cost-effective and environmentally sensitive remediation approaches. Bioremediation is one such approach, but is dependent on the availability of microorganisms with the necessary metabolic abilities and environmental adaptability. The aim of this study was to examine the microbial community in a petroleum contaminated site, and isolate organisms potentially able to degrade hydrocarbons. Through successive enrichment of soil microorganisms from samples of an historic petroleum contaminated site in Wietze, Germany, we isolated a bacterial consortium using diesel fuel hydrocarbons as sole carbon and energy source. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed the dominance of Alphaproteobacteria. We further reconstructed a total of 18 genomes from both the original soil sample and the isolated consortium. The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella, possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. This can explain why this genus proliferated in all the enrichment cultures. Therefore, this study reveals that the microbial consortium isolated in this study and its dominant genus, Acidocella, could potentially serve as an effective inoculum for the bioremediation of sites polluted with diesel fuel or other organic contaminants.
石油污染物，尤其是柴油，对陆地和水生环境造成的污染是一个持续存在的环境威胁，需要采用具有成本效益且对环境敏感的修复方法。生物修复就是这样一种方法，但它依赖于具有必要代谢能力和环境适应性的微生物的存在。本研究的目的是检查石油污染场地中的微生物群落，并分离出可能能够降解碳氢化合物的生物体。通过对德国维特泽一个历史悠久的石油污染场地的样本中的土壤微生物进行连续富集，我们以柴油碳氢化合物作为唯一碳源和能源，分离出了一个细菌群落。16S rRNA基因分析显示α-变形菌纲占主导地位。我们还从原始土壤样本和分离出的群落中总共重建了18个基因组。对该群落的宏基因组和重建的宏基因组组装基因组的分析表明，该群落中最丰富的细菌属——嗜酸菌属，拥有许多降解柴油芳烃所需的基因，而柴油芳烃通常是毒性最大的成分。这可以解释为什么这个属在所有富集培养物中都大量繁殖。因此，本研究表明，本研究中分离出的微生物群落及其优势属嗜酸菌属，有可能作为一种有效的接种物，用于对受柴油或其他有机污染物污染的场地进行生物修复。
