Lawton N
World Health Organization, Republic of Vanuatu.
Nurse Pract. 1988 Jun;13(6):30, 33, 36-7 passim. doi: 10.1097/00006205-198806000-00006.
Prior to the Nicaraguan revolution of 1979, health services were inaccessible to the majority of people, which was reflected in high incidences of infectious diseases and infant mortality. Since institution of the Unified National Health System in 1979, 80 percent of the population now has regular access to health care; infant mortality has decreased from 120 per 1,000 live births to 76 per 1,000; polio has been eradicated; and the incidence of other infectious diseases has been greatly reduced. These achievements are the result of a comprehensive program that organizes health services for the entire country while responding to local needs and utilizing tens of thousands of community health volunteers. Nurses have made great contributions in primary health care. Warfare and shortages of supplies due to the economic blockade imposed by the United States have inhibited continued improvements in the delivery of health services and in the health status of the population. War-related injuries have replaced infectious diseases as the leading cause of death.
在1979年尼加拉瓜革命之前，大多数人无法获得医疗服务，这反映在传染病的高发病率和婴儿死亡率上。自1979年建立统一的国家卫生系统以来，现在80%的人口能够定期获得医疗保健；婴儿死亡率已从每1000例活产120例降至每1000例76例；小儿麻痹症已被根除；其他传染病的发病率也大幅降低。这些成就得益于一项全面计划，该计划为全国组织医疗服务，同时满足当地需求，并利用了数以万计的社区卫生志愿者。护士在初级卫生保健方面做出了巨大贡献。美国实施的经济封锁导致的战争和物资短缺阻碍了医疗服务提供和民众健康状况的持续改善。与战争相关的伤害已取代传染病成为主要死因。
