Lv Huizhen, Pan Qing, Song Yu, Liu Xiao-Xia, Liu Tianyu
Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Nanomicro Lett. 2020 May 30;12(1):118. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00451-z.
The article reviews the recent progress of electrochemical techniques on synthesizing nano-/microstructures as supercapacitor electrodes. With a history of more than a century, electrochemical techniques have evolved from metal plating since their inception to versatile synthesis tools for electrochemically active materials of diverse morphologies, compositions, and functions. The review begins with tutorials on the operating mechanisms of five commonly used electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic deposition, galvanostatic deposition, pulse deposition, and electrophoretic deposition, followed by thorough surveys of the nano-/microstructured materials synthesized electrochemically. Specifically, representative synthesis mechanisms and the state-of-the-art electrochemical performances of exfoliated graphene, conducting polymers, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and their composites are surveyed. The article concludes with summaries of the unique merits, potential challenges, and associated opportunities of electrochemical synthesis techniques for electrode materials in supercapacitors.
本文综述了电化学技术在合成作为超级电容器电极的纳米/微结构方面的最新进展。电化学技术已有一个多世纪的历史，自诞生以来已从金属电镀发展成为用于合成具有多样形态、组成和功能的电化学活性材料的通用工具。综述首先介绍了五种常用电化学技术的操作机制，包括循环伏安法、恒电位沉积、恒电流沉积、脉冲沉积和电泳沉积，随后全面调研了通过电化学合成的纳米/微结构材料。具体而言，对剥离石墨烯、导电聚合物、金属氧化物、金属硫化物及其复合材料的代表性合成机制和最新电化学性能进行了调研。文章最后总结了电化学合成技术用于超级电容器电极材料的独特优点、潜在挑战和相关机遇。
