运动成瘾的稳定性及其健康效应。业余耐力自行车运动员比赛后 6 个月的随访研究。

Exercise Addiction Stability and Health Effects. A 6-Month Follow-up Postcompetition Study in Amateur Endurance Cyclists.

机构信息

From the Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain (JB-A, MAO-C, FP-G, DM-I); Research Group in Development MovimientoHumano, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (JB-A, MAOC, AL-A, FP-G, RG-C, DM-I, CM-P); Department of Physiatry and Nursery, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (AL-A, RG-C, CM-P); Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging, Madrid, Spain (DM-I).

出版信息

J Addict Med. 2022;16(3):e140-e149. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000888.

DOI:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000888

PMID:34145189

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To study the longitudinal stability of exercise addiction and its health effects in apparently healthy amateur endurance cyclists from pre- to 6-month post-competition.

METHODS

In total, 330 (30 women) adult cyclists were divided into 4 groups based on scores on the Exercise Addiction Inventory at both periods: nonrisk (n=262, 79.1%), transient (n=35, 10.6%), emerging (n=14, 4.2%) and persistent (n=20, 6.1%).

RESULTS

The prevalence of high-risk exercise addiction was reduced postcompetition (16.7% vs 10.3%, P = 0.017). Of the cyclists with a high precompetition risk of exercise addiction, 63.6% (35/55) had a transient addiction associated with favorable effects on mental quality of life (effect size [ES]=0.52, 95% confidence interval: [0.20, 0.86]) and sleep quality (ES=-0.50 [-0.89, -0.12]) and avoided the worsening of depression symptom severity compared to the remaining groups (ES range=0.51-0.65). The 5.1% (14/275) of cyclists with a precompetition low risk of exercise addiction presented emerging exercise addiction that was associated with a worsened mental quality of life compared to the remaining groups (ES ranged 0.59-0.91), sleep quality compared to the nonrisk (ES=-0.56 [-0.02, -1.10]) and transient (ES=-0.72 [-1.36, -0.08]) groups and anxiety symptom severity compared to the persistent group (ES=0.51 [1.20,-0.19]).

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise addiction had a marked transitory component at 6-month postcompetition with associated health benefits in amateur endurance cyclists.

摘要

目的

研究运动成瘾的纵向稳定性及其对赛前至赛后 6 个月期间健康的影响。

方法

根据两个时间点的运动成瘾量表评分，将 330 名（30 名女性）成年自行车运动员分为 4 组：非风险组（n=262，79.1%）、一过性风险组（n=35，10.6%）、新出现风险组（n=14，4.2%）和持续风险组（n=20，6.1%）。

结果

与比赛前相比，比赛后高风险运动成瘾的患病率降低（16.7%比 10.3%，P=0.017）。在赛前有高风险运动成瘾的自行车运动员中，63.6%（35/55）有一过性成瘾，这与心理健康质量（效应量[ES]0.52，95%置信区间：[0.20，0.86]）和睡眠质量（ES=-0.50 [-0.89，-0.12]）的改善有关，与其余组相比，抑郁症状严重程度也没有恶化（ES 范围=0.51-0.65）。在赛前低风险运动成瘾的自行车运动员中，有 5.1%（14/275）出现新出现的运动成瘾，与其余组相比，心理健康质量下降（ES 范围为 0.59-0.91），与非风险组（ES=-0.56 [-0.02，-1.10]）和一过性风险组（ES=-0.72 [-1.36，-0.08]）相比，睡眠质量下降，与持续风险组相比，焦虑症状严重程度增加（ES=0.51 [1.20，-0.19]）。