Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil.
State University of Western Paraná, Health Sciences Center, Vitório Traiano Highway, Km 2, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2021 Jun 20;69(1):16. doi: 10.1007/s00005-021-00618-5.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of women's death among all cancers. The main reason associated with this is the development of metastasis and therapy-resistant breast carcinoma (BC), which pose the main challenge of oncology nowadays. Evidence suggest that these tumors seem to have inhibitory mechanisms that may favor their progression and surveillance. Cancer cells can evade antitumor T cell responses by expressing some immune inhibitory molecules such as the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), whose clinical meaning has emerged in the last few years and is poorly understood in the BC context. This systematic literature review aims at identifying studies on CTLA-4 expression in BC, and address what is known about its clinical meaning. A literature search was performed in PubMed and LILACS databases, using the MESH terms "breast cancer"; "CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists and inhibitors"; and "Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology", published in the last 10 years. In total, 12 studies were included in this review. Systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Despite the small number of eligible studies, the literature reports some associations between CTLA-4 expression in the tumor microenvironment and worse BC outcomes, regardless of its molecular subtype. CTLA-4 expression in BC is a putative marker of clinical significance and a rationale therapeutic target in the emerging field of immunotherapy.
乳腺癌是所有癌症中导致女性死亡的主要原因。主要原因是转移和治疗耐药性乳腺癌（BC）的发展，这是当今肿瘤学的主要挑战。有证据表明，这些肿瘤似乎具有抑制机制，可能有利于它们的进展和监测。癌细胞可以通过表达一些免疫抑制分子，如细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞抗原-4（CTLA-4），来逃避抗肿瘤 T 细胞反应，其临床意义在近几年已经显现，但在 BC 背景下仍知之甚少。本系统文献综述旨在确定关于 BC 中 CTLA-4 表达的研究，并探讨其临床意义。在 PubMed 和 LILACS 数据库中使用 MESH 术语“乳腺癌”、“CTLA-4 抗原/拮抗剂和抑制剂”和“肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞/免疫学”进行了文献检索，检索了过去 10 年发表的文献。共纳入了 12 项研究。系统评价使用了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目。尽管合格研究的数量较少，但文献报告了肿瘤微环境中 CTLA-4 表达与 BC 不良结局之间的一些关联，无论其分子亚型如何。BC 中 CTLA-4 的表达是一个有临床意义的假定标志物，也是新兴免疫治疗领域的一个合理治疗靶点。
