Grill H J, Bernstein I L
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
Am J Physiol. 1988 Sep;255(3 Pt 2):R424-30. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.3.R424.
The taste reactivity test was used to determine whether strain differences in response to NaCl revealed by preference tests were attributable to taste or postoral factors. Taste reactivity data revealed significant differences between sodium-replete Fischer 344 (F-344) and Wistar strains in response to NaCl for both aversive and ingestive oral motor behaviors. Because the taste reactivity test analyzed the immediate response to orally applied chemical stimuli, these data support a strain difference based on taste factors. Taste reactivity data also indicate strain differences in ingestive but not aversive scores to other normally ingested chemical stimuli, water, and two sucrose concentrations. In response to normally avoided quinine, F-344 and Wistar strains did not differ in either ingestive or aversive score. To investigate whether strain differences revealed when rats were tested while sodium replete would persist in the sodium-deficient state, both strains were treated with the diuretic furosemide. Taste reactivity tests revealed that in response to sodium deficiency both F-344 and Wistar strains shift their oral motor response profile to NaCl; strains did not differ in either ingestive or aversive score when sodium deficient. NaCl intake and preference measures also support the fact that both strains demonstrate a sodium appetite. Interpretive limitations based on ceiling and floor effects within taste reactivity and preference data were discussed.
味觉反应测试用于确定偏好测试所揭示的对氯化钠反应的品系差异是归因于味觉因素还是口后因素。味觉反应数据显示，钠充足的Fischer 344（F-344）品系和Wistar品系在对氯化钠的厌恶和摄食性口腔运动行为反应方面存在显著差异。由于味觉反应测试分析了对口服化学刺激的即时反应，这些数据支持基于味觉因素的品系差异。味觉反应数据还表明，在对其他正常摄入的化学刺激物、水和两种蔗糖浓度的摄食得分上存在品系差异，但在厌恶得分上没有差异。对于通常会被回避的奎宁，F-344品系和Wistar品系在摄食或厌恶得分上均无差异。为了研究在钠充足状态下测试大鼠时所揭示的品系差异在缺钠状态下是否会持续存在，对两个品系的大鼠都使用了利尿剂呋塞米进行处理。味觉反应测试显示，对于缺钠情况，F-344品系和Wistar品系对氯化钠的口腔运动反应模式均发生了转变；在缺钠时，两个品系在摄食或厌恶得分上没有差异。氯化钠的摄入量和偏好测量结果也支持两个品系都表现出钠食欲这一事实。文中讨论了基于味觉反应和偏好数据中的上限和下限效应的解释局限性。
