Entwisle Barbara
Department of Sociology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3210.
Popul Environ. 2021 Jun;42(4):431-444. doi: 10.1007/s11111-021-00382-w. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
Over the past two decades, population researchers have engaged in a far-reaching and productive program of research on demographic responses to changes in the natural environment. This essay "looks back" to the origins of these developments, identifying pivotal agenda-setting moments in the 1990s and tracing the impact on contemporary research. The essay also "looks forward" to identify critical gaps and challenges that remain to be addressed and to set an agenda for future research on population responses to environmental change. It recommends that the multidimensionality of environmental contexts and change be fully embraced, long run as well as short term effects be investigated, variability in the effects of environmental change in relation to social institutions, policy implementation, and environmental context be examined, movement between contexts as well as change in situ as sources of environmental change be considered, and interconnections among demographic processes in response to environmental change be explored. Taking these steps will position demographers to contribute significantly to a larger and deeper understanding of environmental change and its consequences, locally, regionally, and globally.
在过去二十年里，人口研究人员开展了一项意义深远且卓有成效的研究计划，旨在探究人口对自然环境变化的反应。本文“回顾”了这些发展的起源，确定了20世纪90年代关键的议程设定时刻，并追溯了其对当代研究的影响。本文还“展望未来”，以确定仍有待解决的关键差距和挑战，并为未来关于人口对环境变化反应的研究设定议程。它建议充分接受环境背景和变化的多维性，研究长期和短期影响，审视环境变化在社会制度、政策实施和环境背景方面影响的变异性，将不同背景之间的迁移以及原地变化作为环境变化的来源加以考虑，并探索人口过程在应对环境变化时的相互联系。采取这些步骤将使人口统计学家能够为在地方、区域和全球层面更深入、更全面地理解环境变化及其后果做出重大贡献。
