Gómez-Ciriza Gorka, Gómez-Cía Tomás, Rivas-González José Antonio, Velasco Forte Mari Nieves, Valverde Israel
Fabrication Laboratory, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Seville, Spain.
Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Jun 4;8:642011. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.642011. eCollection 2021.
This is a 7-years single institution study on low-cost cardiac three-dimensional (3D) printing based on the use of free open-source programs and affordable printers and materials. The process of 3D printing is based on several steps (image acquisition, segmentation, mesh optimization, slicing, and three-dimensional printing). The necessary technology and the processes to set up an affordable three-dimensional printing laboratory are hereby described in detail. Their impact on surgical and interventional planning, medical training, communication with patients and relatives, patients' perception on care, and new cardiac device development was analyzed. A total of 138 low-cost heart models were designed and printed from 2013 to 2020. All of them were from different congenital heart disease patients. The average time for segmentation and design of the hearts was 136 min; the average time for printing and cleaning the models was 13.5 h. The average production cost of the models was €85.7 per model. This is the most extensive series of 3D printed cardiac models published to date. In this study, the possibility of manufacturing three-dimensional printed heart models in a low-cost facility fulfilling the highest requirements from a technical and clinical point of view is demonstrated.
这是一项在单一机构开展的为期7年的研究，内容是基于使用免费开源程序以及价格合理的打印机和材料进行低成本心脏三维（3D）打印。3D打印过程基于几个步骤（图像采集、分割、网格优化、切片和三维打印）。本文详细描述了建立一个低成本三维打印实验室所需的技术和流程。分析了它们对外科手术和介入治疗规划、医学培训、与患者及亲属沟通、患者对护理的认知以及新型心脏设备开发的影响。2013年至2020年期间，共设计并打印了138个低成本心脏模型。所有模型均来自不同的先天性心脏病患者。心脏分割和设计的平均时间为136分钟；模型打印和清理的平均时间为13.5小时。模型的平均生产成本为每个85.7欧元。这是迄今为止发表的最广泛的3D打印心脏模型系列。在本研究中，展示了在一个低成本设施中制造三维打印心脏模型的可能性，该设施从技术和临床角度满足了最高要求。
