Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610051, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Jun;8(12):e2004586. doi: 10.1002/advs.202004586. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Bone diseases constitute a major issue for modern societies as a consequence of progressive aging. Advantages such as open mesoporous channel, high specific surface area, ease of surface modification, and multifunctional integration are the driving forces for the application of mesoporous nanoparticles (MNs) in bone disease diagnosis and treatment. To achieve better therapeutic effects, it is necessary to understand the properties of MNs and cargo delivery mechanisms, which are the foundation and key in the design of MNs. The main types and characteristics of MNs for bone regeneration, such as mesoporous silica (mSiO ), mesoporous hydroxyapatite (mHAP), mesoporous calcium phosphates (mCaPs) are introduced. Additionally, the relationship between the cargo release mechanisms and bone regeneration of MNs-based nanocarriers is elucidated in detail. Particularly, MNs-based smart cargo transport strategies such as sustained cargo release, stimuli-responsive (e.g., pH, photo, ultrasound, and multi-stimuli) controllable delivery, and specific bone-targeted therapy for bone disease diagnosis and treatment are analyzed and discussed in depth. Lastly, the conclusions and outlook about the design and development of MNs-based cargo delivery systems in diagnosis and treatment for bone tissue engineering are provided to inspire new ideas and attract researchers' attention from multidisciplinary areas spanning chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine.
骨骼疾病是现代社会面临的一个主要问题，这是人口老龄化进程的结果。介孔纳米颗粒（MNs）具有开放的介孔通道、高比表面积、易于表面修饰以及多功能集成等优点，这些优点推动了其在骨骼疾病诊断和治疗中的应用。为了达到更好的治疗效果，有必要了解 MNs 的性质和货物传递机制，这是 MNs 设计的基础和关键。本文主要介绍了用于骨再生的 MNs 类型及其特点，如介孔硅（mSiO ）、介孔羟基磷灰石（mHAP）、介孔磷酸钙（mCaPs）等。此外，还详细阐明了基于 MNs 的纳米载体的货物释放机制与骨再生之间的关系。特别地，本文深入分析和讨论了基于 MNs 的智能货物运输策略，如持续释放货物、刺激响应（如 pH、光、超声和多刺激）可控释放以及针对骨骼疾病的特定骨靶向治疗等，以期为基于 MNs 的货物输送系统的设计和开发提供新的思路，吸引来自化学、材料科学和生物医学等多学科领域的研究人员的关注。
