School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
J Gen Virol. 2021 Jun;102(6). doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001615.
Mosquito-transmitted arboviruses constitute a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases that are both a public health problem and a threat to animal populations. Many such viruses were identified in East Africa, a region where they remain important and from where new arboviruses may emerge. We set out to describe and review the relevant mosquito-borne viruses that have been identified specifically in Uganda. We focused on the discovery, burden, mode of transmission, animal hosts and clinical manifestation of those previously involved in disease outbreaks. A search for mosquito-borne arboviruses detected in Uganda was conducted using search terms 'Arboviruses in Uganda' and 'Mosquitoes and Viruses in Uganda' in PubMed and Google Scholar in 2020. Twenty-four mosquito-borne viruses from different animal hosts, humans and mosquitoes were documented. The majority of these were from family , followed by , , and only one each from family and . Sixteen (66.7 %) of the viruses were associated with febrile illnesses. Ten (41.7 %) of them were first described locally in Uganda. Six of these are a public threat as they have been previously associated with disease outbreaks either within or outside Uganda. Historically, there is a high burden and endemicity of arboviruses in Uganda. Given the many diverse mosquito species known in the country, there is also a likelihood of many undescribed mosquito-borne viruses. New generation diagnostic platforms have great potential to identify new viruses. Indeed, four novel viruses, two of which were from humans (Ntwetwe and Nyangole viruses) and two from mosquitoes (Kibale and Mburo viruses) including the 2010 yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak were identified in the last decade using next generation sequencing. Given the unbiased approach of detection of viruses by this technology, its use will undoubtedly be critically important in the characterization of mosquito viromes which in turn will inform other diagnostic efforts.
蚊媒传播的虫媒病毒是新发传染病的重要组成部分，不仅对公共卫生构成威胁，也对动物种群构成威胁。在东非发现了许多此类病毒，该地区的虫媒病毒仍然很重要，并且可能会出现新的虫媒病毒。我们旨在描述和综述在乌干达具体发现的相关蚊媒病毒。我们重点关注那些先前涉及疾病暴发的病毒的发现、负担、传播方式、动物宿主和临床表现。2020 年，我们在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 中使用搜索词“Arboviruses in Uganda”和“Mosquitoes and Viruses in Uganda”搜索在乌干达发现的蚊媒虫媒病毒。从不同的动物宿主、人类和蚊子中记录了 24 种蚊媒病毒。其中大多数来自科，其次是科、科和科，只有一科来自科和科。16 种（66.7%）病毒与发热疾病有关。其中 10 种（41.7%）是在乌干达当地首次描述的。其中 6 种是公共威胁，因为它们以前曾与乌干达境内或境外的疾病暴发有关。从历史上看，乌干达的虫媒病毒负担和地方性很强。鉴于该国已知有许多不同的蚊子种类，也有可能存在许多未描述的蚊媒病毒。新一代诊断平台具有识别新病毒的巨大潜力。事实上，在过去十年中，使用下一代测序技术在该国发现了四种新病毒，其中两种来自人类（Ntwetwe 和 Nyangole 病毒），两种来自蚊子（Kibale 和 Mburo 病毒），包括 2010 年的黄热病病毒（YFV）暴发。鉴于该技术对病毒检测的无偏方法，其使用无疑将在蚊媒病毒组学的特征描述中至关重要，这反过来又将为其他诊断工作提供信息。
