Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Telecommunications and Teleinformatics Department, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 24;16(6):e0252858. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252858. eCollection 2021.
The amount of artificial electromagnetic fields of various parameters in the honey bee's environment increases globally. So far, it had been proven that exposure to an E-field at 50 Hz can cause changes in bee's behavior, alter the activity of proteases, and enzymatic antioxidants. Due to the potentially harmful effect of this factor on honey bees, we decided to investigate the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the concentration of albumin and creatinine in bee's hemolymph after exposure to 50 Hz E-field. Honey bee workers were placed in wooden cages (200 × 150 × 70 mm) and exposed to the 50 Hz E-field with the intensity of <1, 5.0, 11.5, 23.0, or 34.5 kV/m for 1, 3, 6, or 12h. A homogeneous 50 Hz E-field was generated in the form of a plate capacitor. Hemolymph samples for analysis were taken immediately after the end of exposure to the E-field from 100 bees from each group. According to our study, the activity of AST, ALT, and ALP in honey bees' hemolymph decreased after exposure to 50 Hz E-field with various intensities. The decrease in AST, ALT, and ALP activity intensified with prolonged exposure time. 50 Hz E-field may cause the impairment of crucial metabolic cycles in the honey bees' organism (such as the citric acid cycle, ATP synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, β-oxidation). Moreover, exposure to E-Field altered the concentration of creatinine and albumin, which are important non-enzymatic antioxidants. Such changes may indicate a disturbance in protein metabolism and increased muscle activity.
蜜蜂所处环境中的各种参数的人工电磁场的数量在全球范围内增加。到目前为止,已经证明暴露于 50 Hz 的电场中会导致蜜蜂行为发生变化,改变蛋白酶的活性和酶抗氧化剂。由于该因素对蜜蜂可能具有潜在的有害影响,我们决定研究天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性以及蜜蜂血淋巴中的白蛋白和肌酐浓度在暴露于 50 Hz 电场后的变化。将蜜蜂工蜂放置在木制笼子(200×150×70mm)中,并暴露于 50 Hz 电场中,其强度分别为<1、5.0、11.5、23.0 或 34.5 kV/m,暴露时间分别为 1、3、6 或 12 h。在板电容器的形式下产生均匀的 50 Hz 电场。暴露于电场结束后,立即从每组 100 只蜜蜂中抽取血淋巴样本进行分析。根据我们的研究,暴露于不同强度的 50 Hz 电场后,蜜蜂血淋巴中的 AST、ALT 和 ALP 活性降低。AST、ALT 和 ALP 活性的降低随着暴露时间的延长而加剧。50 Hz 电场可能会破坏蜜蜂体内重要的代谢循环(如柠檬酸循环、ATP 合成、氧化磷酸化、β-氧化)。此外,暴露于电场会改变肌酐和白蛋白的浓度,这两种物质是重要的非酶抗氧化剂。这些变化可能表明蛋白质代谢紊乱和肌肉活动增加。
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