Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Adv Nutr. 2021 Dec 1;12(6):2415-2434. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab070.
Normal placental development and proper angiogenesis are essential for fetal growth during pregnancy. Angiogenesis involves the regulatory action of many angiogenic factors and a series of signal transduction processes inside and outside the cell. The obstruction of placental angiogenesis causes fetal growth restriction and serious pregnancy complications, even leading to fetal loss and pregnancy cessation. In this review, the effects of placental angiogenesis on fetal development are described, and several signaling pathways related to placental angiogenesis and their key regulatory mediators are summarized. These factors, which include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor, delta-like ligand 4 (DLL-4)-Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, may affect the placental angiogenesis process. Moreover, the degree of vascularization depends on cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which is affected by the synthesis and secretion of metabolites or intermediates and mutual coordination or inhibition in these pathways. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances regarding the role of functional nutrients (including amino acids and fatty acids) in regulating placental angiogenesis. Understanding the specific mechanism of placental angiogenesis and its influence on fetal development may facilitate the establishment of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating nutritional regulation strategies during pregnancy.
正常的胎盘发育和适当的血管生成对于妊娠期间胎儿的生长至关重要。血管生成涉及许多血管生成因子的调节作用以及细胞内外的一系列信号转导过程。胎盘血管生成的阻塞会导致胎儿生长受限和严重的妊娠并发症，甚至导致胎儿丢失和妊娠终止。在这篇综述中，描述了胎盘血管生成对胎儿发育的影响，并总结了与胎盘血管生成相关的几个信号通路及其关键调节介质。这些因素包括血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）-VEGF 受体、Delta 样配体 4（DLL-4）-Notch、Wnt 和 Hedgehog，它们可能会影响胎盘血管生成过程。此外，血管化程度取决于细胞的增殖、迁移和分化，而这些过程受到代谢物或中间产物的合成和分泌的影响，以及这些途径中的相互协调或抑制。此外，我们还讨论了功能营养素（包括氨基酸和脂肪酸）在调节胎盘血管生成中的作用的最新进展。了解胎盘血管生成的具体机制及其对胎儿发育的影响，可能有助于为治疗早产、子痫前期或宫内生长受限建立新的治疗策略，并为制定妊娠期间的营养调节策略提供理论依据。
