IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Nov;68(6):2936-2948. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14204. Epub 2021 Jul 8.
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) was discovered in 2015 using next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. Since then, the virus has been detected worldwide in pigs displaying several clinical-pathological outcomes as well as in healthy animals. The objective of this review is to critically discuss the evidence existing so far regarding PCV-3 as a swine pathogen. In fact, a significant number of publications claim PCV-3 as a disease causal infectious agent, but very few of them have shown strong evidence of such potential causality. The most convincing proofs of disease association are those that demonstrate a clinical picture linked to multisystemic lymphoplasmacytic to lymphohistiocytic perivascular inflammation and presence of viral nucleic acid within these lesions. Based on these evidence, individual case definitions for PCV-3-reproductive disease and PCV-3-systemic disease are proposed to standardize diagnostic criteria for PCV-3-associated diseases. However, the real frequency of these clinical-pathological conditions linked to the novel virus is unknown, and the most frequent outcome of PCV-3 infection is likely subclinical based on its worlwide distribution.
猪圆环病毒 3 型（PCV-3）于 2015 年使用下一代测序（NGS）方法发现。自那时以来，该病毒已在全世界范围内的表现出多种临床病理结果的猪以及健康动物中检测到。本综述的目的是批判性地讨论迄今为止关于 PCV-3 作为猪病原体的证据。事实上，大量出版物声称 PCV-3 是一种疾病的因果传染性病原体，但其中很少有证据表明其具有这种潜在的因果关系。与多系统淋巴浆细胞性至淋巴组织细胞性血管周围炎症以及这些病变内存在病毒核酸相关的临床表现是疾病相关性的最令人信服的证据。基于这些证据，提出了 PCV-3-生殖疾病和 PCV-3-全身性疾病的个别病例定义，以标准化与 PCV-3 相关疾病的诊断标准。然而，与新型病毒相关的这些临床病理情况的真实频率尚不清楚，并且基于其在世界范围内的分布，PCV-3 感染的最常见结果可能是亚临床的。
