意大利中南部地区家猪和野猪中流行的猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）和猪圆环病毒3型（PCV3）的分子流行病学及基因特征分析

Molecular epidemiology and genetic characterization of PCV2 and PCV3 circulating in domestic pigs and wild boars in central-southern regions of Italy.

作者信息

Melegari Irene, Berjaoui Shadia, Secondini Barbara, Curini Valentina, Di Lollo Valeria, Molini Umberto, Lorusso Alessio, Franzo Giovanni

机构信息

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, 64100, Italy.

Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, 35020, Italy.

出版信息

BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jul 21;21(1):478. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04928-0.

DOI:10.1186/s12917-025-04928-0

PMID:40685350

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278492/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are significant pathogens impacting swine health globally. In Italy, both viruses have been reported to circulate significantly in commercial and rural farms as well as in wild boar populations. However, most information to date originates from studies conducted in Northern Italy, where the majority of pig production is concentrated, while limited data are available from Central Italian regions. This study aimed to address the knowledge gap regarding PCV epidemiology in Central Southern Italy, an area characterized, mainly, by small-scale family, traditional pig farming systems.

RESULTS

Between March 2020 and March 2024, 362 samples were collected and tested using real-time PCR. Positive samples were further characterized by next generation sequencing (NGS) and phylogenetic analysis. The 47.1% ( 95% CI 95% CI: 40.9-53.38%) of the samples were positive for PCV2, with a higher prevalence in wild boars (62.07%; 95% CI 95% CI: 52.19–70.91%) compared to domestic pigs (34.97%; 95% CI: 27.19–43.38%). For PCV3, 38% ( 95% CI: 28.48–48.25%), of the tested animals were positive, with wild boars again showing a higher prevalence (45.16%; 95% CI: 32.48–58.32%).) compared to domestic pigs (26.32%; 95% CI: 13.40–43.10%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed significant genetic variability and confirmed the dominance of the PCV2d genotype. Comparison with other Italian strains highlighted extensive regional circulation and connections between wild and domestic populations. Sequences of this study frequently clustered with strains from the densely pig-populated areas of Northern Italy, supporting multiple long-range introduction events likely mediated by domestic pig trade.

CONCLUSIONS

The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of PCVs to manage their impact on developing pig farming systems and mitigate potential biosecurity risks associated with interactions between wild and domestic animal populations.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-025-04928-0.

摘要

背景

猪圆环病毒（PCVs）是影响全球猪健康的重要病原体。在意大利，据报道这两种病毒在商业农场、农村农场以及野猪种群中都有显著传播。然而，迄今为止，大多数信息来自意大利北部进行的研究，那里集中了大部分生猪生产，而意大利中部地区的数据有限。本研究旨在填补意大利中南部地区猪圆环病毒流行病学方面的知识空白，该地区主要以小规模家庭传统养猪系统为特征。

结果

在2020年3月至2024年3月期间，收集了362份样本并使用实时PCR进行检测。对阳性样本进一步通过下一代测序（NGS）和系统发育分析进行特征描述。47.1%（95%置信区间：40.9 - 53.38%）的样本PCV2呈阳性，野猪中的患病率（62.07%；95%置信区间：52.19 - 70.91%）高于家猪（34.97%；95%置信区间：27.19 - 43.38%）。对于PCV3，38%（95%置信区间：28.48 - 48.25%）的检测动物呈阳性，野猪的患病率再次高于家猪（45.16%；95%置信区间：32.48 - 58.32%），家猪为（26.32%；95%置信区间：13.40 - 43.10%）。系统发育分析揭示了显著的遗传变异性，并证实了PCV2d基因型的优势地位。与其他意大利毒株的比较突出了广泛的区域传播以及野生和家养种群之间的联系。本研究的序列经常与来自意大利北部生猪密集养殖地区的毒株聚类，支持了可能由家猪贸易介导的多次远距离引入事件。