School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant.
Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
J Athl Train. 2022 Jan 1;57(1):5-15. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0696.20.
Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are common and frustrating for athletes and the physically active. We critically appraised the EAMC literature to provide evidence-based treatment and prevention recommendations. Although the pathophysiology of EAMCs appears controversial, recent evidence suggests that EAMCs are due to a confluence of unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors rather than a singular cause. The treatment of acute EAMCs continues to include self-applied or clinician-guided gentle static stretching until symptoms abate. Once the painful EAMCs are alleviated, the clinician can continue treatment on the sidelines by focusing on patient-specific risk factors that may have contributed to the onset of EAMCs. For EAMC prevention, clinicians should obtain a thorough medical history and then identify any unique risk factors. Individualizing EAMC prevention strategies will likely be more effective than generalized advice (eg, drink more fluids).
运动相关性肌肉痉挛（EAMC）在运动员和身体活跃者中很常见，也令人沮丧。我们批判性地评估了 EAMC 文献，以提供基于证据的治疗和预防建议。尽管 EAMC 的病理生理学似乎存在争议，但最近的证据表明，EAMC 是由于独特的内在和外在因素的共同作用，而不是单一的原因。急性 EAMC 的治疗仍然包括自我应用或临床医生指导的温和静态伸展，直到症状缓解。一旦疼痛的 EAMC 得到缓解，临床医生可以通过关注可能导致 EAMC 发作的患者特定危险因素，在 sidelines上继续治疗。对于 EAMC 的预防，临床医生应该详细了解病史，然后确定任何独特的危险因素。个体化 EAMC 预防策略可能比一般建议（例如，多喝水）更有效。
