North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota.
Sports Health. 2010 Jul;2(4):279-83. doi: 10.1177/1941738109357299.
Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are a common condition experienced by recreational and competitive athletes. Despite their commonality and prevalence, their cause remains unknown. Theories for the cause of EAMC are primarily based on anecdotal and observational studies rather than sound experimental evidence. Without a clear cause, treatments and prevention strategies for EAMC are often unsuccessful.
A search of Medline (EBSCO), SPORTDiscus, and Silverplatter (CINHAL) was undertaken for journal articles written in English between the years 1955 and 2008. Additional references were collected by a careful analysis of the citations of others' research and textbooks.
Dehydration/electrolyte and neuromuscular causes are the most widely discussed theories for the cause of EAMC; however, strong experimental evidence for either theory is lacking.
EAMC are likely due to several factors coalescing to cause EAMC. The variety of treatments and prevention strategies for EAMC are evidence of the uncertainty in their cause. Acute EAMC treatment should focus on moderate static stretching of the affected muscle followed by a proper medical history to determine any predisposing conditions that may have triggered the onset of EAMC. Based on physical findings, prevention programs should be implemented to include fluid and electrolyte balance strategies and/or neuromuscular training.
运动相关性肌肉痉挛（EAMC）是一种常见于娱乐和竞技运动员的病症。尽管它们很常见且普遍，但它们的病因仍然未知。EAMC 的病因理论主要基于轶事和观察性研究，而不是可靠的实验证据。由于没有明确的病因，EAMC 的治疗和预防策略往往效果不佳。
在 1955 年至 2008 年间，使用 Medline（EBSCO）、SPORTDiscus 和 Silverplatter（CINHAL）搜索了英文期刊文章。通过仔细分析他人研究和教科书的引文，收集了更多的参考文献。
脱水/电解质和神经肌肉原因是最广泛讨论的 EAMC 病因理论；然而，这两种理论都缺乏强有力的实验证据。
EAMC 可能是由几个因素共同作用导致的。EAMC 有多种治疗和预防策略，这表明其病因不确定。急性 EAMC 的治疗应侧重于受影响肌肉的适度静态伸展，然后进行适当的病史调查，以确定可能引发 EAMC 发作的任何潜在疾病。基于体检结果，应实施预防计划，包括液体和电解质平衡策略和/或神经肌肉训练。
