Li Mo, Gao Zibo, Wang Jili, Song Wei, Zhang Qingzhu, Tong Jin, Ren Lili
College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin University Changchun China.
The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun China.
Ecol Evol. 2021 May 3;11(12):7569-7578. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7589. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Frogs are characterized by their outstanding jumping ability, depending on the rapid extension of hindlimbs to propel their bodies into air. A typical jumping cycle could be broken into four phases: preparation, takeoff, flight, and landing. Considerable research has been performed to discuss the function of hindlimbs of frogs during takeoff phase, whereas the literature of limbs' motion in jumping between different species was limited. To profile the evolution of locomotion in anurans, it is necessary to investigate on the motion of fore- and hindlimbs of frogs within different taxa. In this work, we put forward a detailed description of jumping behavior of two frog species, and . High-speed cameras were used to explore the movement of different joints in fore- and hindlimbs of these two animals, and kinematic analysis was operated to identify both homologous behaviors and significant differences between them. We found that the fore- and hindlimbs had good cooperation during jumping, while the ' uncooperative behavior in limbs may give a functional explanation for the deficiency in terrestrial jumping; besides, the . landing followed the "hands-belly-feet slap" strategy, and had clumsy landing with "belly-flops" sequence. The result gained here clarifies the cooperation behavior of anuran limbs and may supply a new insight into our understanding of the anuran's evolution.
青蛙的特点是具有出色的跳跃能力，这取决于其后肢的快速伸展以将身体推进空中。一个典型的跳跃周期可分为四个阶段：准备、起飞、飞行和着陆。已经进行了大量研究来讨论青蛙后肢在起飞阶段的功能，而关于不同物种跳跃时肢体运动的文献则很有限。为了描述无尾目动物运动的进化过程，有必要研究不同分类群中青蛙前肢和后肢的运动。在这项工作中，我们详细描述了两种青蛙物种的跳跃行为。使用高速摄像机来探究这两种动物前肢和后肢不同关节的运动，并进行运动学分析以识别它们之间的同源行为和显著差异。我们发现，[物种一]的前肢和后肢在跳跃过程中有良好的协作，而[物种二]肢体的不协作行为可能为其在陆地跳跃方面的不足提供一个功能上的解释；此外，[物种一]的着陆遵循“手 - 腹部 - 脚拍打”策略，而[物种二]则以“腹部拍水”的顺序笨拙着陆。这里获得的结果阐明了无尾目动物肢体的协作行为，并可能为我们理解无尾目动物的进化提供新的见解。
