Liu Yan, Yang Junbao, Li Yingxiang, Tang Renkuan, Yuan Didi, Wang Yicheng, Wang Peixin, Deng Shudan, Zeng Simei, Li Hongliang, Chen Gang, Zou Xing, Wang Mengge, He Guanglin
School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
AnLan AI, Shenzhen, China.
Front Genet. 2021 Jun 14;12:626710. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.626710. eCollection 2021.
The ancestral origin and genomic history of Chinese Hui people remain to be explored due to the paucity of genome-wide data. Some evidence argues that an eastward migration of Central Asians gave rise to modern Hui people, which is referred to as the ; other evidence favors the , which posits that East Asians adopted Muslim culture to form the modern culturally distinct populations. However, the extent to which the observed genetic structure of the Huis was mediated by the movement of people or the assimilation of Muslim culture also remains highly contentious. Analyses of over 700 K SNPs in 109 western Chinese individuals (49 Sichuan Huis and 60 geographically close Nanchong Hans) together with the available ancient and modern Eurasian sequences allowed us to fully explore the genomic makeup and origin of Hui and neighboring Han populations. The results from PCA, ADMIXTURE, and allele-sharing-based -statistics revealed a strong genomic affinity between Sichuan Huis and Neolithic-to-modern Northern East Asians, which suggested a massive gene influx from East Asians into the Sichuan Hui people. Three-way admixture models in the analyses further revealed a small stream of gene influx from western Eurasians into the Sichuan Hui people, which was further directly confirmed via the admixture event from the temporally distinct Western sources to Sichuan Hui people in the -based phylogenetic model, suggesting the key role of the cultural diffusion model in the genetic formation of the Sichuan Huis. ALDER-based admixture date estimation showed that this observed western Eurasian admixture signal was introduced into the Sichuan Huis during the historic periods, which was concordant with the extensive western-eastern communication along the Silk Road and historically documented Huis' migration history. In summary, although significant cultural differentiation exists between Hui people and their neighbors, our genomic analysis showed their strong genetic affinity with modern and ancient Northern East Asians. Our results support the hypothesis that the Sichuan Huis arose from a mixture of minor western Eurasian ancestry and predominant East Asian ancestry.
由于全基因组数据匮乏，中国回族的祖先起源和基因组历史仍有待探索。一些证据表明，中亚人向东迁移产生了现代回族，这被称为“ ”；其他证据则支持“ ”，即东亚人接受了穆斯林文化，从而形成了现代文化上独特的群体。然而，观察到的回族遗传结构在多大程度上是由人口迁移或穆斯林文化同化所介导的，这一点也仍然存在很大争议。对109名中国西部个体（49名四川回族和60名地理位置相近的南充汉族）的70多万个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行分析，并结合现有的古代和现代欧亚序列，使我们能够全面探索回族及邻近汉族群体的基因组构成和起源。主成分分析（PCA）、混合分析（ADMIXTURE）以及基于等位基因共享的 统计结果显示，四川回族与新石器时代至现代的东亚北部人群之间存在很强的基因组亲和力，这表明有大量基因从东亚人流入四川回族。 分析中的三元混合模型进一步揭示，有一小部分基因从西欧亚人流入四川回族，在基于 的系统发育模型中，从时间上不同的西方来源到四川回族的混合事件进一步直接证实了这一点，表明文化传播模型在四川回族的遗传形成中发挥了关键作用。基于ALDER的混合日期估计表明，这种观察到的西欧亚混合信号是在历史时期引入四川回族的，这与丝绸之路沿线广泛的东西方交流以及历史记载的回族迁徙历史相一致。总之，尽管回族与其邻居之间存在显著的文化差异，但我们的基因组分析表明他们与现代和古代东亚北部人群有很强的遗传亲和力。我们的结果支持这样一种假设，即四川回族是由少量西欧亚血统和主要的东亚血统混合而成。
