Konopińska Joanna, Młynarczyk Maryla, Dmuchowska Diana Anna, Obuchowska Iwona
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2021 Jun 27;10(13):2847. doi: 10.3390/jcm10132847.
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery. It causes a gradual deterioration of visual acuity, which would otherwise improve after a successful procedure. Despite recent advances in ophthalmology, this complication has not been eradicated, and the incidence of PCO can be as high as 10%. This article reviews the literature concerning the pathomechanism of PCO and examines the biochemical pathways involved in its formation and methods to prevent this complication. We also review the reported tests performed in cell cultures under laboratory conditions and in experimental animal models and in ex vivo human lens capsules. Finally, we describe research involving human eyes in the clinical setting and pharmacological methods that may reduce the frequency of PCO. Due to the multifactorial etiology of PCO, in vitro studies make it possible to assess the factors contributing to its complications and search for new therapeutic targets. Not all pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration, and contraction of the lens capsule are reproducible in laboratory conditions; moreover, PCO in humans and laboratory animals may be additionally stimulated by various degrees of postoperative reactions depending on the course of surgery. Therefore, further studies are necessary.
后囊膜混浊（PCO）是白内障手术最常见的并发症。它会导致视力逐渐下降，而在手术成功后视力原本会有所改善。尽管眼科领域近来取得了进展，但这种并发症仍未根除，PCO的发生率可高达10%。本文回顾了有关PCO发病机制的文献，并探讨了其形成过程中涉及的生化途径以及预防该并发症的方法。我们还回顾了在实验室条件下的细胞培养、实验动物模型以及离体人晶状体囊膜中所进行的相关试验报道。最后，我们描述了在临床环境中涉及人眼的研究以及可能降低PCO发生率的药理学方法。由于PCO病因的多因素性，体外研究使得评估导致其并发症的因素并寻找新的治疗靶点成为可能。并非晶状体囊膜细胞增殖、迁移和收缩所涉及的所有途径在实验室条件下都可重现；此外，根据手术过程的不同，人类和实验动物中的PCO可能会受到不同程度术后反应的额外刺激。因此，有必要进行进一步的研究。
