Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Alicante University, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 2;13(6):1911. doi: 10.3390/nu13061911.
(1) Background: Beach handball is a relatively new type of sport, derived from team handball. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physical fitness of elite players of this sport by studying some variables of sports performance, including strength, endurance and power, and dietary habits, and to assess bone ultrasonographic variables. (2) Methods: 33 beach handball players have participated in this research; 18 juniors (age: 16.7 ± 0.50) and 15 seniors (age: 24.8 ± 4.71). The athletes' strength was evaluated using the Handgrip Test on the dominant hand, the height of jump was evaluated by a counter-jump on a contact platform, and velocity, agility, and resistance by the Yo-Yo test. The broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the sound of speed (SOS) through the calcaneus were also measured. The Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED) was the questionnaire used to evaluate eating habits. In the statistical analysis, descriptions and correlations were made between the study variables. (3) Results: Both in the case of the dynamometric hand strength test ( < 0.05) and in the lower extremity power test ( < 0.01), senior players presented significantly higher values compared to junior players (35.1 ± 3.84 vs. 31.8 ± 3.37 and 35.1 ± 6.89 vs. 28.5 ± 5.69 with the dynamometry and Abalakov tests, respectively). However, no differences were observed in the variables by playing position. Significant correlations between different variables have been established, highlighting negative correlations between BMI and weight with the Abalakov Jump Test and positive correlations between Yo-Yo and BUA, and, between BMI and BUA. (4) Conclusions: Older and trained players are in better physical fitness; high weight and BMI have a negative influence on power, agility, speed, and endurance. In general, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is moderate and it seems evident that there is a beneficial influence of beach handball on bone condition, as measured by ultrasound. However future research should be carried on, including dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessments and food intake registers for a whole week.
（1）背景：沙滩手球是一种相对较新的运动类型，源自于团体手球。本研究的目的是通过研究一些运动表现变量，包括力量、耐力和爆发力，以及饮食习惯，来评估该运动的精英运动员的身体适应性，并评估骨超声变量。（2）方法：共有 33 名沙滩手球运动员参与了这项研究；18 名青少年（年龄：16.7 ± 0.50 岁）和 15 名成年运动员（年龄：24.8 ± 4.71 岁）。运动员的手部力量通过惯用手握力测试进行评估，通过接触平台的反跳测试评估跳跃高度，通过 Yo-Yo 测试评估速度、敏捷性和阻力。还测量了跟骨的宽带超声衰减（BUA）和声波速度（SOS）。采用地中海饮食依从性（KIDMED）问卷评估饮食习惯。在统计分析中，对研究变量进行了描述和相关性分析。（3）结果：在握力测试（<0.05）和下肢力量测试（<0.01）中，成年运动员的得分均显著高于青少年运动员（握力测试为 35.1 ± 3.84 比 31.8 ± 3.37，Abalakov 测试为 35.1 ± 6.89 比 28.5 ± 5.69）。但是，不同位置的运动员在这些变量上没有差异。不同变量之间建立了显著的相关性，突出了 BMI 和体重与 Abalakov 跳跃测试之间的负相关，以及 Yo-Yo 与 BUA 之间，以及 BMI 与 BUA 之间的正相关。（4）结论：年龄较大和训练有素的运动员身体适应性更好；高体重和 BMI 对力量、敏捷性、速度和耐力有负面影响。一般来说，地中海饮食的依从性是中等的，而且似乎有证据表明沙滩手球对骨状况有有益的影响，这可以通过超声来衡量。但是，应该进行进一步的研究，包括双能 X 射线吸收仪评估和为期一周的食物摄入量记录。
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