Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Biostatistics and Clinical Trial Unit, Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori "Dino Amadori"-IRST S.r.l., IRCCS, via P. Maroncelli, 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 17;13(6):2081. doi: 10.3390/nu13062081.
Diet is a major driver of gut microbiota variation and plays a role in metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome (MS). Mycorrhized foods from symbiotic agriculture (SA) exhibit improved nutritional properties, but potential benefits have never been investigated in humans. We conducted a pilot interventional study on 60 adults with ≥ 1 risk factors for MS, of whom 33 consumed SA-derived fresh foods and 27 received probiotics over 30 days, with a 15-day follow-up. Stool, urine and blood were collected over time to explore changes in gut microbiota, metabolome, and biochemical, inflammatory and immunologic parameters; previous dietary habits were investigated through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The baseline microbiota showed alterations typical of metabolic disorders, mainly an increase in and a decrease in health-associated taxa, which were partly reversed after the SA-based diet. Improvements were observed in metabolome, MS presence (two out of six subjects no longer had MS) or components. Changes were more pronounced with less healthy baseline diets. Probiotics had a marginal, not entirely favorable, effect, although one out of three subjects no longer suffered from MS. These findings suggest that improved dietary patterns can modulate the host microbiota and metabolome, counteracting the risk of developing MS.
饮食是肠道微生物群变异的主要驱动因素，在代谢紊乱中发挥作用，包括代谢综合征（MS）。共生农业（SA）的菌根食物表现出改善的营养特性，但从未在人类中研究过其潜在益处。我们对 60 名有 ≥ 1 个 MS 风险因素的成年人进行了一项初步干预研究，其中 33 名成年人食用了源自 SA 的新鲜食物，27 名成年人接受了益生菌治疗，为期 30 天，并进行了 15 天的随访。收集粪便、尿液和血液以探索肠道微生物群、代谢组和生化、炎症和免疫参数的变化；通过经过验证的食物频率问卷调查了之前的饮食习惯。基线微生物群显示出代谢紊乱的典型变化，主要是 增加和与健康相关的分类群减少，这在基于 SA 的饮食后部分得到逆转。代谢组和 MS 存在（6 名受试者中有 2 名不再患有 MS）或成分得到改善。基线饮食不太健康的情况下，变化更为明显。益生菌有一定的、不完全有利的作用，尽管三分之一的受试者不再患有 MS。这些发现表明，改善的饮食模式可以调节宿主微生物群和代谢组，从而降低发生 MS 的风险。
