Klich Daniel, Yanuta Grigorij, Sobczuk Maria, Balcerak Marek
Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jun 12;11(6):1758. doi: 10.3390/ani11061758.
After the emergence of African swine fever (ASF), the wild boar population numbers fell drastically in Eastern Europe. This situation made it possible to verify the changes in the wolves' diet that occurred. The material collection was carried out in two regions, Grodno and Vitebsk, in Belarus. In total, 19 species/groups of prey were observed in the gray wolf diet, but the most important were wild boar, elk, red deer, roe deer and beaver. The decrease in the number of wild boar caused changes in the diet of wolves but only in Vitebsk region, where wolves' diet before the ASF epidemic outbreak consisted mainly of elk and wild boar. After the decrease of wild boar numbers, wolves still mainly hunted elk, but other types of prey included roe deer, red deer and beaver. We found a negative correlation between wild boar and both deer species (roe deer and red deer) in the wolves' diet. Moreover, the more the wolves consumed elk, the less they consumed beaver. In our opinion, only intensive hunting of wolves by humans can explain the resulting dietary fluctuations between elk and beaver, as well as the fact that wolves did not turn to other food sources.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）出现后，东欧野猪数量急剧下降。这种情况使得验证狼的饮食变化成为可能。材料收集在白俄罗斯的格罗德诺和维捷布斯克两个地区进行。在灰狼的饮食中总共观察到19种猎物/猎物群，但最重要的是野猪、驼鹿、马鹿、狍和河狸。野猪数量的减少导致了狼的饮食变化，但仅在维捷布斯克地区如此，在ASF疫情爆发前，该地区狼的饮食主要由驼鹿和野猪组成。野猪数量减少后，狼仍然主要捕食驼鹿，但其他类型的猎物包括狍、马鹿和河狸。我们发现狼的饮食中野猪与两种鹿类（狍和马鹿）之间存在负相关。此外，狼捕食驼鹿越多，捕食河狸就越少。我们认为，只有人类对狼进行密集捕杀才能解释驼鹿和河狸之间由此产生的饮食波动，以及狼没有转向其他食物来源这一事实。
