Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK.
Nutr Diabetes. 2019 Feb 25;9(1):7. doi: 10.1038/s41387-019-0074-0.
The global prevalence of diabetes is high and rapidly increasing. Some previous studies have found that vegetarians might have a lower risk of diabetes than non-vegetarians.
We examined the association between vegetarianism and risk of hospitalisation or death with diabetes in a large, prospective cohort study of British adults.
The analysed cohort included participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford study who were diabetes free at recruitment (1993-2001), with available dietary intake data at baseline, and linked hospital admissions and death data for diabetes over follow-up (n = 45,314). Participants were categorised as regular meat eaters (≥50 g per day: n = 15,181); low meat eaters (<50 g of meat per day: n = 7615); fish eaters (ate no meat but consumed fish: n = 7092); and vegetarians (ate no meat or fish, including vegans: n = 15,426). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations between diet group and risk of diabetes.
Over a mean of 17.6 years of follow-up, 1224 incident cases of diabetes were recorded. Compared with regular meat eaters, the low meat eaters, fish eaters, and vegetarians were less likely to develop diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-0.75; HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.38-0.59; and HR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.54-0.74, respectively). These associations were substantially attenuated after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) (low meat eaters: HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.92; fish eaters: HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.51-0.80; and vegetarians: HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.76-1.05).
Low meat and non-meat eaters had a lower risk of diabetes, in part because of a lower BMI.
全球糖尿病患病率高且呈快速上升趋势。一些先前的研究发现，素食者患糖尿病的风险可能低于非素食者。
我们在一项针对英国成年人的大型前瞻性队列研究中，研究了素食与糖尿病住院或死亡风险之间的关联。
分析的队列包括欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）-牛津研究的参与者，他们在招募时无糖尿病（1993-2001 年），基线时有可用的饮食摄入数据，并在随访期间对糖尿病的住院和死亡数据进行了关联（n=45314）。参与者被分为常规肉食者（每天≥50 克：n=15181）；低肉食用者（每天<50 克肉：n=7615）；鱼食者（不吃肉但吃鱼：n=7092）；素食者（不吃肉或鱼，包括素食者：n=15426）。我们使用多变量 Cox 比例风险模型评估饮食组与糖尿病风险之间的关联。
在平均 17.6 年的随访期间，记录了 1224 例新发糖尿病病例。与常规肉食者相比，低肉食用者、鱼食者和素食者发生糖尿病的风险较低（风险比（HR）=0.63，95%置信区间（CI）0.54-0.75；HR=0.47，95%CI 0.38-0.59；HR=0.63，95%CI 0.54-0.74，分别）。这些关联在调整体重指数（BMI）后明显减弱（低肉食用者：HR=0.78，95%CI 0.66-0.92；鱼食者：HR=0.64，95%CI 0.51-0.80；素食者：HR=0.89，95%CI 0.76-1.05）。
低肉类和非肉类食用者患糖尿病的风险较低，部分原因是 BMI 较低。
