Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Group for Separation and Bioanalytical Methods (Bio-Sep) Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 9;22(12):6238. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126238.
Cytokines play a huge role in many biological processes. Their production, release and interactions are subject to a very complex mechanism. Cytokines are produced by all types of cells, they function very differently and they are characterized by synergism in action, antagonism, and aggregation activity, opposing action of one cytokine, overlapping activity, induction of another cytokine, inhibition of cytokine synthesis at the mRNA level as well as autoregulation-stimulation or inhibition of own production. The predominance of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to a systemic inflammatory response, and anti-inflammatory-to an anti-inflammatory response. They regulate the organism's immune response and protect it against sudden disturbances in homeostasis. The synthesis and activity of cytokines are influenced by the central nervous system through the endocrine system (pituitary gland, adrenal glands).
细胞因子在许多生物过程中起着巨大的作用。它们的产生、释放和相互作用受到非常复杂的机制的影响。细胞因子由所有类型的细胞产生，它们的功能非常不同，其作用特点是协同作用、拮抗作用、聚集活性、一种细胞因子的相反作用、重叠活性、诱导另一种细胞因子、在 mRNA 水平抑制细胞因子的合成以及自身调节——刺激或抑制自身的产生。促炎细胞因子的优势导致全身性炎症反应，抗炎细胞因子则导致抗炎反应。它们调节机体的免疫反应，使其免受内稳态突然失调的影响。细胞因子的合成和活性受到中枢神经系统通过内分泌系统（垂体、肾上腺）的影响。
