Carella Alessandro, Gianguzzi Giuseppe, Scalisi Alessio, Farina Vittorio, Inglese Paolo, Bianco Riccardo Lo
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
Tatura SmartFarm, Agriculture Victoria, 255 Ferguson Rd, Tatura, VIC 3616, Australia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jun 29;10(7):1332. doi: 10.3390/plants10071332.
Studying mango ( L.) fruit development represents one of the most important aspects for the precise orchard management under non-native environmental conditions. In this work, precision fruit gauges were used to investigate important eco-physiological aspects of fruit growth in two mango cultivars, Keitt (late ripening) and Tommy Atkins (early-mid ripening). Fruit absolute growth rate (AGR, mm day), daily diameter fluctuation (ΔD, mm), and a development index given by their ratio (AGR/ΔD) were monitored to identify the prevalent mechanism (cell division, cell expansion, ripening) involved in fruit development in three ('Tommy Atkins') or four ('Keitt') different periods during growth. In 'Keitt', cell division prevailed over cell expansion from 58 to 64 days after full bloom (DAFB), while the opposite occurred from 74 to 85 DAFB. Starting at 100 DAFB, internal changes prevailed over fruit growth, indicating the beginning of the ripening stage. In Tommy Atkins (an early ripening cultivar), no significant differences in AGR/ΔD was found among monitoring periods, indicating that both cell division and expansion coexisted at gradually decreasing rates until fruit harvest. To evaluate the effect of microclimate on fruit growth the relationship between vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and ΔD was also studied. In 'Keitt', VPD was the main driving force determining fruit diameter fluctuations. In 'Tommy Atkins', the lack of relationship between VPD and ΔD suggest a hydric isolation of the fruit due to the disruption of xylem and stomatal flows starting at 65 DAFB. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
研究芒果（ L.）果实发育是在非原生环境条件下进行精确果园管理的最重要方面之一。在这项研究中，使用精密果实测量仪研究了两个芒果品种（凯伊特，晚熟；汤米·阿特金斯，中早熟）果实生长的重要生态生理方面。监测果实绝对生长率（AGR，毫米/天）、每日直径波动（ΔD，毫米）以及由它们的比值（AGR/ΔD）给出的发育指数，以确定在生长的三个（“汤米·阿特金斯”）或四个（“凯伊特”）不同时期果实发育所涉及的主要机制（细胞分裂、细胞扩张、成熟）。在“凯伊特”品种中，盛花期后58至64天，细胞分裂超过细胞扩张，而在74至85天则相反。从100天开始，内部变化超过果实生长，表明成熟阶段开始。在汤米·阿特金斯（早熟品种）中，各监测期的AGR/ΔD没有显著差异，表明细胞分裂和扩张以逐渐降低的速率共存直至果实收获。为了评估小气候对果实生长的影响，还研究了蒸汽压亏缺（VPD）与ΔD之间的关系。在“凯伊特”品种中，VPD是决定果实直径波动的主要驱动力。在“汤米·阿特金斯”品种中，VPD与ΔD之间缺乏相关性，这表明从盛花期后65天开始，由于木质部和气孔流的中断，果实存在水分隔离。需要进一步研究来证实这一假设。
