Büssing Arndt, Rodrigues Recchia Daniela, Dienberg Thomas, Surzykiewicz Janusz, Baumann Klaus
Professorship Quality of Life, Spirituality and Coping, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany.
IUNCTUS-Competence Center for Christian Spirituality, Philosophical-Theological Academy, Münster, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 15;12:685975. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.685975. eCollection 2021.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people reported about fears, depressive states, and phases of loneliness. However, there have also been positively experienced changes in terms of awareness of nature, reflection of life, more intensive relationships, meaningful digital media usage to connect with others, and interest in spirituality. We were interested in the dynamics of these indicators directly after the first lockdown, the summer months and during the second wave of the pandemic with its second lockdown, and how they relate to the perceived restrictions, fears, and worries. Survey with standardized questionnaires, i.e., Perceived Changes Questionnaire, WHO-Five Well-being Index, Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale, Awe/Gratitude scale. Participants were categorized as cohort 1 (June 2020; = 1,333), cohort 2 (July to September 2020, = 823), and cohort three (October 2020 to January 2021, = 625). Participants perceived changes in specific attitudes and behaviors, which have impacted their well-being and life satisfaction. Compared to their experiences directly after the first wave of the pandemic (cohort 1), well-being (Hedge's g = 0.83) and life satisfaction (g = 0.63) decreased during the second wave (cohort 3) and participants' stressors increased (g = -0.94). At the same time, positive perceptions such as Nature/Silence/Contemplation (g = 0.67), Spirituality (g = 0.62), Relationships (g = 0.55), and Digital media usage declined (g = 0.31), but not Reflections on life (g = -0.03). In cohort 3, the proportion of persons relying on their faith as a strong hold was declining also in nominally religious persons. Awe/Gratitude was among the best predictors of perceived positive changes, indicating a resource which is nevertheless declining during the second wave of the pandemic (g = 0.60). Several perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors have changed, particularly during the second wave of the pandemic, which had a strong influence on psychological health. Although Awe/Gratitude was confirmed as the best predictor of perceived positive changes, this resource may not buffer against the negative outcomes of the pandemic but helps to recognize the still positive aspects in life. There is a need for new and not yet defined public health communities that could focus on persons which are affected in their physical, mental, social, and spiritual health and well-being due to the pandemic.
在新冠疫情期间，人们报告了恐惧、抑郁状态和孤独阶段。然而，在对自然的认知、生活反思、更紧密的人际关系、通过有意义地使用数字媒体与他人建立联系以及对灵性的兴趣等方面也有积极的变化。我们感兴趣的是在首次封锁刚结束后、夏季以及疫情第二波及其第二次封锁期间这些指标的动态变化，以及它们与所感受到的限制、恐惧和担忧之间的关系。通过标准化问卷进行调查，即《感知变化问卷》《世界卫生组织五福安康指数》《简短多维生活满意度量表》《敬畏/感恩量表》。参与者被分为三组：第一组（2020年6月；n = 1333），第二组（2020年7月至9月，n = 823），第三组（2020年10月至2021年1月，n = 625）。参与者察觉到特定态度和行为的变化，这些变化影响了他们的幸福感和生活满意度。与疫情第一波刚结束后的经历（第一组）相比，第二波（第三组）期间幸福感（赫奇斯效应量g = 0.83）和生活满意度（g = 0.63）下降，参与者的压力源增加（g = -0.94）。与此同时，诸如对自然/寂静/沉思（g = 0.67）、灵性（g = 0.62）、人际关系（g = 0.55）以及数字媒体使用等积极认知下降（g = 0.31），但对生活的反思除外（g = -0.03）。在第三组中，即使是名义上信教的人，将信仰作为强大支撑的人数比例也在下降。敬畏/感恩是感知到的积极变化的最佳预测指标之一，这表明尽管如此，在疫情第二波期间这一资源仍在减少（g = 0.60）。一些认知、态度和行为发生了变化，尤其是在疫情第二波期间，这对心理健康产生了强烈影响。尽管敬畏/感恩被确认为感知到的积极变化的最佳预测指标，但这一资源可能无法缓冲疫情的负面后果，不过有助于认识到生活中仍然积极的方面。需要建立新的、尚未明确的公共卫生社群，这些社群可以关注那些由于疫情在身体、心理、社会和精神健康及幸福方面受到影响的人群。
