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生长和训练负荷对竞技蹦床运动员受伤风险的影响。

The influence of growth and training loads on injury risk in competitive trampoline gymnasts.

机构信息

British Gymnastics, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK.

Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.

出版信息

J Sports Sci. 2021 Dec;39(23):2632-2641. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1948259. Epub 2021 Jul 3.

Abstract

There is currently limited research exploring the relationship between growth, training load and injury in gymnasts. Twenty-one national level, trampoline gymnasts recorded training load and injury for 8-weeks. Percentage of predicted adult height (%PAH) was calculated using the Khamis-Roche method and used to define growth spurt status. Training load was calculated using the session rate of perceived exertion and analysed as differential loads and as a 7-day exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA7day). There was a significant non-linear association between %PAH and the probability of injury when adjusting for either training load metric (differential load, P = 0.015; EWMA7day; P = 0.008), with the highest injury risk estimated at ~90% PAH (circa growth spurt). The probability of injury significantly increased with increases in EWMA7day training load (RR: 1.88 95% CI: 1.21- 2.91, P = 0.005) but not with differential load. No significant interaction between %PAH, training load and the probability of injury were observed. Data suggest that competitive trampoline gymnasts are at an increased risk of injury during the adolescent growth spurt or with higher weekly training loads. Coaches should be educated and encouraged to identify periods of rapid growth and monitor training load, to reduce the risk of injury.

摘要

目前,关于体操运动员生长、训练负荷和损伤之间关系的研究还很有限。21 名国家级蹦床运动员记录了 8 周的训练负荷和损伤情况。采用 Khamis-Roche 法计算预测成人身高百分比(%PAH),并以此定义生长突增状态。使用训练时的感觉努力评分(RPE)计算训练负荷,并分析差异负荷和 7 天指数加权移动平均值(EWMA7day)。调整任何一种训练负荷指标(差异负荷,P = 0.015;EWMA7day,P = 0.008)时,%PAH 与损伤概率之间存在显著的非线性关系,在接近生长突增时,损伤风险估计最高约为 90%PAH。随着 EWMA7day 训练负荷的增加,损伤的概率显著增加(RR:1.88 95%CI:1.21-2.91,P = 0.005),但差异负荷则不然。%PAH、训练负荷和损伤概率之间没有观察到显著的交互作用。数据表明,竞技蹦床运动员在青少年生长突增期间或每周训练负荷较高时,受伤的风险增加。应教育和鼓励教练识别快速生长阶段,并监测训练负荷,以降低受伤风险。

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