Moltedo Ana, Álvarez-Sánchez Cristina, Grande Fernanda, Charrondiere U Ruth
Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy.
Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy.
J Food Compost Anal. 2021 Jul;100:103926. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103926.
Producing, reporting, and interpreting vitamin A statistics present multiple challenges largely attributable to the systems of equivalence used to convert pro-vitamin A carotenoids into retinol equivalents, and to the criteria used by institutions to set recommendations. This study describes the information on total vitamin A, retinol and provitamin A carotenoids available in 90 food composition tables/databases (FCTs/FCDBs). It also evaluates the effect of the definition of vitamin A intake (Retinol Equivalents [RE] or Retinol Activity Equivalents [RAE]) and the source of requirements on the potential contribution of dietary intake to the population's requirements. We found that 43 percent of the FCTs/FCDBs reviewed, many of them from high-income countries, do not provide total vitamin A or sufficient information for computing it, or present inconsistencies between the metadata and the published values; 9 percent publish total vitamin A in RE and RAE; and 28 percent provide information on retinol and provitamin A carotenoids that enables calculating total vitamin A in both definitions. Vitamin A adequacy ratios are lowest when the consumption unit is RAE and the source of requirements is the US Health and Medicine Division. When the consumption definition is RE, adequacy ratios are higher using FAO/WHO than EFSA requirements. It is imperative to reach consensus on the system of conversion of provitamin A carotenoids into retinol equivalents.
生成、报告和解读维生素A统计数据面临多重挑战，这在很大程度上归因于用于将维生素A原类胡萝卜素转化为视黄醇当量的等效系统，以及各机构用于制定建议的标准。本研究描述了90份食物成分表/数据库（FCTs/FCDBs）中可获取的总维生素A、视黄醇和维生素A原类胡萝卜素的信息。它还评估了维生素A摄入量定义（视黄醇当量[RE]或视黄醇活性当量[RAE]）以及需求来源对膳食摄入量对人群需求潜在贡献的影响。我们发现，所审查的FCTs/FCDBs中有43%，其中许多来自高收入国家，未提供总维生素A或计算所需的足够信息，或者元数据与公布值之间存在不一致；9%以RE和RAE形式公布总维生素A；28%提供视黄醇和维生素A原类胡萝卜素的信息，可据此计算两种定义下的总维生素A。当消费单位为RAE且需求来源为美国健康与医学部时，维生素A充足率最低。当消费定义为RE时，使用粮农组织/世卫组织的需求标准时充足率高于欧洲食品安全局的需求标准。就维生素A原类胡萝卜素转化为视黄醇当量的系统达成共识势在必行。
