Jain Anand Kumar, Mishra Aditya, Singh Ajit Pratap, Patel Pragati, Sheikh Amir Amin, Chandraker Tilak Ram, Vandre Rajesh
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Vet World. 2021 May;14(5):1093-1101. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1093-1101. Epub 2021 May 6.
Poultry production is the fastest-growing livestock sector in developing countries. In the poultry diet, trace minerals (zinc [Zn], selenium [Se], and chromium [Cr]) are normally administered in the inorganic form which has been traditionally considered as the most cost-effective and easily available but organic forms of these trace minerals have a higher bioavailability, lower dietary inclusion and cause less environmental pollution as compared to inorganic form. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of organic and inorganic forms of trace minerals (Zn, Se, and Cr) supplementation (0-35 days) on expression of chTLR4gene and humoral immune response in broilers.
A total of 216 broilers were randomly divided into 12 groups and each group divided into three replicates consisting of six broilers each. T1 (R1, R2, and R3) group was kept as control. T2, T3, and T4 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Zn at 40 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Zn at 40 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Zn at 20 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T5, T6, and T7 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Se at 0.3 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Se at 0.3 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Se at 0.15 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T8, T9, and T10 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with inorganic form of Cr at 2 mg/kg of feed, organic form of Cr at 2 mg/kg of feed, and 50% organic form of Cr at 1 mg/kg of feed, respectively. T11 and T12 (R1, R2, and R3) groups were supplemented with a combination of all three minerals from inorganic and organic forms, respectively.
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction gene expression analysis revealed that in bursa of Fabricius, maximum upregulation of chTLR4 (3.0214 fold) was observed in T6 group, and in spleen, maximum upregulation of chTLR4 (3.2140 fold) was observed in T3 group as compared to control group. On day 35, the maximum plasma immunoglobulin G concentration was observed in organic trace minerals (OTMs) supplemented, whereas the minimum concentration was recorded in control group. On day 28 and 35, the overall mean heterophil:lymphocyte ratio showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between control and OTM supplemented groups. A significantly higher immune organ weight (spleen and bursa of Fabricius) was recorded in OTM supplemented group as compared to control and other supplemented group.
Supplementation of organic form of Zn, Se, and Cr either alone or in combination increase humoral immune response and upregulation of chTLR4 gene expression in bursa and spleen indicates a beneficial effect of OTM in augmentation of immune system in broilers.
家禽养殖是发展中国家增长最快的畜牧业领域。在家禽日粮中，微量矿物质（锌[Zn]、硒[Se]和铬[Cr]）通常以无机形式添加，传统上认为无机形式最具成本效益且易于获取，但与无机形式相比，这些微量矿物质的有机形式具有更高的生物利用率、更低的日粮添加量且对环境污染更小。本研究旨在探讨不同浓度的有机和无机形式微量矿物质（Zn、Se和Cr）补充（0至35天）对肉鸡chTLR4基因表达和体液免疫反应的影响。
总共216只肉鸡随机分为12组，每组再分为三个重复，每个重复包含6只肉鸡。T1（R1、R2和R3）组作为对照组。T2、T3和T4（R1、R2和R3）组分别以40毫克/千克饲料的无机锌形式、40毫克/千克饲料的有机锌形式和20毫克/千克饲料的50%有机锌形式进行补充。T5、T6和T7（R1、R2和R3）组分别以0.3毫克/千克饲料的无机硒形式、0.3毫克/千克饲料的有机硒形式和0.15毫克/千克饲料的50%有机硒形式进行补充。T8、T9和T10（R1、R2和R3）组分别以2毫克/千克饲料的无机铬形式、2毫克/千克饲料的有机铬形式和1毫克/千克饲料的50%有机铬形式进行补充。T11和T12（R1、R2和R3）组分别补充无机和有机形式的所有三种矿物质的组合。
逆转录聚合酶链反应基因表达分析显示，在法氏囊中，与对照组相比，T6组中chTLR4的上调幅度最大（3.0214倍）；在脾脏中，T3组中chTLR4的上调幅度最大（3.2140倍）。在第35天，补充有机微量矿物质（OTM）组的血浆免疫球蛋白G浓度最高，而对照组的浓度最低。在第28天和第35天，对照组和补充OTM组之间的总体平均异嗜性粒细胞：淋巴细胞比率存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。与对照组和其他补充组相比，补充OTM组的免疫器官重量（脾脏和法氏囊）显著更高。
单独或组合补充有机形式的Zn、Se和Cr可增强体液免疫反应，且法氏囊和脾脏中chTLR4基因表达的上调表明OTM对增强肉鸡免疫系统具有有益作用。
