Aminullah Noor, Prabhu T M, Naik Jaya, Suresh B N, Indresh H C
Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Department of Poultry Science, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Vet World. 2021 May;14(5):1371-1379. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1371-1379. Epub 2021 May 29.
Copper (Cu) is a vital mineral involved in various physiological and biochemical processes, growth, and productivity of animals and birds. Birds can absorb only a small fraction of Cu and most is excreted, contaminating soil and aquatic environment which is toxic for microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans. This study evaluated the possibility of use of organic and nanoparticles sources of Cu to reduce supplementation level without compromising the performance of breeder hens.
A total of 224 Swarnadhara breeder hens were divided into seven treatment groups having four replicates in each. The basal diet (control) containing 20 ppm inorganic Cu (100% of standard recommendation) and six test diets containing 20, 15, and 10 ppm (100, 75, and 50% of standard recommendation) from Cu organic source, and 15, 10, and 5 ppm (75, 50, and 25%) from Cu nanoparticles (Cu-NP), were prepared and offered to respective treatment groups for a duration of 20 weeks.
The hen day egg production, hen housed egg production, feed conversion ratio egg mass, albumen index, yolk index, total fat content, and color score were not affected by the source and inclusion level of Cu. The feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) lower at 15 ppm and egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher at 10 ppm Cu-NP supplemental level, but was non-significant in other treatment groups compared to control. The body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher at 20 ppm organic and 15 ppm Cu-NP inclusion. The egg shape index and Haugh unit were significantly (p<0.05) lower at 10 and 15 ppm of Cu-NP inclusion level, respectively. The shell thickness was improved (p<0.05) at 20 and 15 ppm organic and 15 and 10 ppm Cu-NP inclusion level. The egg fertility rate was shown to be significantly (p<0.05) higher at 20 ppm organic Cu inclusion group, but the hatchability based on total number of eggs set improved (p<0.05) at 20 and 15 ppm organic Cu inclusion level while all treatment groups were comparable to control. The hatchability of fertilized egg and chick's quality significantly (p<0.05) improved, while embryonic and chick mortality after hatching before-sorting was significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 15 ppm of Cu-NP inclusion group.
It was concluded that the inorganic Cu can be replaced with 50% of organic or 25% of nanoparticles form of Cu without jeopardizing the breeder hens' productivity, egg quality characteristics, hatchability, and progeny.
铜（Cu）是一种重要的矿物质，参与动物和禽类的各种生理生化过程、生长及生产性能。禽类只能吸收一小部分铜，大部分会被排泄出来，污染土壤和水生环境，对微生物、植物、动物和人类都有毒害作用。本研究评估了使用有机和纳米颗粒形式的铜来降低添加水平而不影响种母鸡生产性能的可能性。
总共224只斯瓦纳达拉种母鸡被分为七个处理组，每组四个重复。基础日粮（对照组）含有20 ppm无机铜（标准推荐量的100%），六种试验日粮分别含有来自有机铜源的20、15和10 ppm（标准推荐量的100%、75%和50%），以及来自铜纳米颗粒（Cu-NP）的15、10和5 ppm（75%、50%和25%），将这些日粮提供给相应处理组，为期20周。
母鸡日产蛋量、入舍母鸡产蛋量、饲料转化率、蛋重、蛋白指数、蛋黄指数、总脂肪含量和颜色评分不受铜的来源和添加水平影响。15 ppm时采食量显著降低（p<0.05），10 ppm Cu-NP添加水平时蛋重显著增加（p<0.05），但与对照组相比，其他处理组差异不显著。20 ppm有机铜和15 ppm Cu-NP添加时体重增加显著（p<0.05）。Cu-NP添加水平为10和15 ppm时，蛋形指数和哈氏单位分别显著降低（p<0.05）。20和15 ppm有机铜以及15和10 ppm Cu-NP添加水平时蛋壳厚度得到改善（p<0.05）。20 ppm有机铜添加组的种蛋受精率显著提高（p<0.05），基于入孵蛋总数的孵化率在20和15 ppm有机铜添加水平时有所改善（p<0.05），而所有处理组与对照组相当。15 ppm Cu-NP添加组的受精卵孵化率和雏鸡质量显著提高（p<0.05），孵化后分拣前的胚胎和雏鸡死亡率显著降低（p<0.05）。
得出的结论是，无机铜可以用50%的有机铜或25%的纳米颗粒形式的铜替代，而不会损害种母鸡的生产性能、蛋品质特性、孵化率和后代。
