Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan.
Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2016 Jul 27;5(3):25. doi: 10.3390/antiox5030025.
Human antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1) is a small cytosolic protein with an essential role in copper homeostasis. Atox1 functions as a copper carrier facilitating copper transfer to the secretory pathway. This process is required for activation of copper dependent enzymes involved in neurotransmitter biosynthesis, iron efflux, neovascularization, wound healing, and regulation of blood pressure. Recently, new cellular roles for Atox1 have emerged. Changing levels of Atox1 were shown to modulate response to cancer therapies, contribute to inflammatory response, and protect cells against various oxidative stresses. It has also become apparent that the activity of Atox1 is tightly linked to the cellular redox status. In this review, we summarize biochemical information related to a dual role of Atox1 as a copper chaperone and an antioxidant. We discuss how these two activities could be linked and contribute to establishing the intracellular copper balance and functional identity of cells during differentiation.
人抗氧化蛋白 1（Atox1）是一种小型胞质蛋白，在铜稳态中起重要作用。Atox1 作为一种铜载体，促进铜向分泌途径的转移。这个过程对于激活涉及神经递质生物合成、铁外流、新血管生成、伤口愈合和血压调节的铜依赖性酶是必需的。最近，Atox1 出现了新的细胞功能。研究表明，Atox1 水平的变化可调节对癌症治疗的反应，有助于炎症反应，并保护细胞免受各种氧化应激。显然，Atox1 的活性与细胞氧化还原状态密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与 Atox1 作为铜伴侣和抗氧化剂的双重作用相关的生化信息。我们讨论了这两种活性如何相互关联，并有助于在分化过程中建立细胞内铜平衡和功能特性。
