Riwaldt Stefan, Corydon Thomas J, Pantalone Desiré, Sahana Jayashree, Wise Petra, Wehland Markus, Krüger Marcus, Melnik Daniela, Kopp Sascha, Infanger Manfred, Grimm Daniela
Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, University Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Jun 17;9:679650. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.679650. eCollection 2021.
Functioning as the outermost self-renewing protective layer of the human organism, skin protects against a multitude of harmful biological and physical stimuli. Consisting of ectodermal, mesenchymal, and neural crest-derived cell lineages, tissue homeostasis, and signal transduction are finely tuned through the interplay of various pathways. A health problem of astronauts in space is skin deterioration. Until today, wound healing has not been considered as a severe health concern for crew members. This can change with deep space exploration missions and commercial spaceflights together with space tourism. Albeit the molecular process of wound healing is not fully elucidated yet, there have been established significant conceptual gains and new scientific methods. Apoptosis, e.g., programmed cell death, enables orchestrated development and cell removal in wounded or infected tissue. Experimental designs utilizing microgravity allow new insights into the role of apoptosis in wound healing. Furthermore, impaired wound healing in unloading conditions would depict a significant challenge in human-crewed exploration space missions. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the behavior of cutaneous cell lineages under microgravity in regard to the impact of apoptosis in wound healing. We discuss the current knowledge about wound healing in space and simulated microgravity with respect to apoptosis and available therapeutic strategies.
作为人体最外层自我更新的保护层，皮肤可抵御多种有害的生物和物理刺激。皮肤由外胚层、间充质和神经嵴衍生的细胞谱系组成，通过各种途径的相互作用，组织稳态和信号转导得到精细调节。宇航员在太空中面临的一个健康问题是皮肤恶化。直到如今，伤口愈合尚未被视为机组人员严重的健康问题。随着深空探索任务、商业太空飞行以及太空旅游的出现，这种情况可能会改变。尽管伤口愈合的分子过程尚未完全阐明，但已经取得了重大的概念性进展和新的科学方法。例如，凋亡，即程序性细胞死亡，可在受伤或感染的组织中实现有序的发育和细胞清除。利用微重力的实验设计使人们对凋亡在伤口愈合中的作用有了新的认识。此外，在失重条件下伤口愈合受损将对载人太空探索任务构成重大挑战。在这篇综述中，我们概述了微重力条件下皮肤细胞谱系行为的变化及其对伤口愈合中凋亡的影响。我们讨论了目前关于太空和模拟微重力环境下伤口愈合中凋亡的知识以及可用的治疗策略。
