Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 309 Mumford Hall, 1301 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, 115C Campbell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Aug;283:114178. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114178. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
Children from low SES backgrounds experience long-term economic deprivation in addition to excessive income volatility during childhood. Little is known about whether parental income influences adulthood weight and health through either prolonged or transitory hardship. Using the intergenerational feature of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we link parents' income records from a 47-year panel (1968-2015 waves) to health outcomes of 3976 adult children (1999-2015 waves) in the United States. We calculate parental permanent income to measure prolonged disadvantages, as well as transitory income peaks and valleys at various early-life stages to measure transitory advantages and disadvantages, respectively. Our findings show that parental permanent income is negatively associated with obesity and adverse health outcomes in multiple adulthood stages. We also detect negative associations between transitory income peaks in adolescence and adverse weight and health outcomes. Our findings provide strong empirical support for the influence of prolonged material hardship on adverse weight and health outcomes and no support for the influence of transitory material hardship. Our findings also show that policies that improve parental permanent income and provide higher transitory income are essential to generate healthier adults.
来自社会经济地位较低背景的儿童除了在童年时期收入波动过大之外，还长期面临经济贫困。目前尚不清楚父母的收入是否会通过长期或短期的困难来影响成年后的体重和健康。本研究利用收入动态面板研究（PSID）的代际特征，将父母在 47 年（1968-2015 波）的收入记录与美国 3976 名成年子女（1999-2015 波）的健康结果相联系。我们计算了父母的永久性收入来衡量长期劣势，以及在各个早期生命阶段的暂时性收入峰值和低谷，分别衡量暂时性的优势和劣势。我们的研究结果表明，父母的永久性收入与成年多个阶段的肥胖和不良健康结果呈负相关。我们还发现青春期暂时性收入高峰与不良体重和健康结果之间存在负相关。我们的研究结果为长期物质困难对不良体重和健康结果的影响提供了有力的实证支持，而对短期物质困难的影响则没有提供支持。我们的研究结果还表明，改善父母永久性收入和提供更高的暂时性收入的政策对于培养更健康的成年人至关重要。
