Nagurney Anna, Salarpour Mojtaba, Dong June
Department of Operations and Information Management Isenberg School of Management University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA.
Department of Marketing and Management School of Business State University of New York Oswego NY USA.
Int Trans Oper Res. 2022 Jan;29(1):226-258. doi: 10.1111/itor.12986. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
In this paper, we develop a unified variational inequality framework in the context of spatial price network equilibrium problems that handles multiple products with multiple demand and supply markets in multiple countries as well as multiple transportation routes. The model incorporates a plethora of distinct trade measures, which is particularly important in the pandemic, as PPEs and other essential products are in high demand, but short in supply globally. In the model, product flows as well as prices at the supply markets and the demand markets in different countries are variables that allows us to seamlessly introduce various trade measures, including tariffs, quotas, as well as price floors and ceilings. Qualitative properties are analyzed. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the impacts of the trade measures on equilibrium product path and link flows, and on prices, and demand and supply quantities. Given the relevance of the trade measures in the world today and discussions concerning the impacts, the framework constructed in this paper is especially timely.
在本文中，我们在空间价格网络均衡问题的背景下开发了一个统一的变分不等式框架，该框架处理多个国家中具有多个需求和供应市场以及多条运输路线的多种产品。该模型纳入了大量不同的贸易措施，这在疫情期间尤为重要，因为个人防护装备和其他 essential products 需求旺盛，但全球供应短缺。在该模型中，不同国家供应市场和需求市场的产品流量以及价格都是变量，这使我们能够无缝引入各种贸易措施，包括关税、配额以及价格下限和上限。我们分析了定性性质。提供了数值示例来说明贸易措施对均衡产品路径、链路流量、价格以及需求和供应量的影响。鉴于当今世界贸易措施的相关性以及有关其影响的讨论，本文构建的框架尤为及时。
